TV Channel Multicast and QoS
Issues
(Video over IP Demo Lab Result )
신승목 부장
www.netmanias.comwww.netmanias.com
2
Contents
 What is “Triple Play Service” ?
 Telco Video Service Overview
 Video over IP Requirements
 Demo Lab Configuration
 Lab Test Result
 Question ?www.netmanias.com
3
통신 사업 환경의 변화: 비즈니스 경계의 파괴
Classic Market
TV
Established Market
High-Speed
Internet
Introducing
2001 (북미)
2003 (아시아)
Voice
Cable
Satellite Classic Market
Introducing
2002 (북미, 유럽)
2003 (아시아)
Telco Established Market Classic Marketwww.netmanias.com
4
MSO’s “Triple-Play” Service
 Triple Play in MSO
 Video: Broadcast TV, VoD, PPV,
HDTV
 High-Speed Internet: Cable
Modem (DOCSIS1.1/2.0)
 Voice: Cable Telephony, VoIP
 a one-stop shop for voice,
video and data.
 Goldman Sachs forecasts that
by 2007, 20 percent of a
MSO\'s revenue will come from
telephony.
MSO
Telephony Cable TV Internet
Internet TV
2001www.netmanias.com
5
Example Full-Service Bundle
 40% of households “somewhat/very interested” in FS bundles
 MSOs expect ~$100/m from bundled customer
Source: VideoTele.com, Yankee Group, Cahners In-Stat, Chibardun Telephone Cooperative
may ultimately trigger permanent disconnect of Telcowww.netmanias.com
6
Telco Video Drivers
 MSO의 “Bundled Triple Play” service로 인해
Telco의 주수익원인 Voice 시장 잠식
 May ultimately trigger permanent disconnect
of Telco
 가입자 이탈 방지
Competition with MSO
Increase ARPU
Increase demand for
faster/higher access service
 현재, Broadband access Market는 성장중이
며 WW 로 가입자이다. 2005년에는 WW 가
입자에 이를 것으로 추정하고 있다. HighSpeed Access Service의 판매를 촉진
 기존의 Access망과 최소한의 투자를 통
해 단일망으로 “Triple Play” service를
제공함으로써 ARPU (Average Rate Per
User)의 증대www.netmanias.com
7
Competition with MSO
Competition Heats Up for Bundled Services:
Telcos Missing Key ~ TV Delivery Component
Internet TV
Cable Operators face
voice challenge
Internet Voice
Telcos need TV to
complete full service
bundle
2001
2002www.netmanias.com
8
Telco’s Network Evolution
 Metro Core and Access Network
 초고속 인터넷 액세스의 도입 (CO & ATM 기반 adsl 서비스)
 Metro Ethernet의 도입: 메트로 액세스와 코어의 대역폭 확장
 Ethernet to the Home
 IP VDSL
 IP ADSLL
 Video over IP 서비스의 도입: 광대역 응용의 수용
Metro Core
Access
Public
Internet
POP
CO
CO
COwww.netmanias.com
9
Telco’s Metro Networks 1
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
adsl
(<8Mbps)
ATM
SONET/SDH
Public 45M/155M
Internet
Edge
Router
초기의 초고속 인터넷 액세스 서비스
MDU
Residentialwww.netmanias.com
10
Telco’s Metro Networks 2
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
Metro Ethernet의 도입
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
MDU
Residentialwww.netmanias.com
11
Telco’s Metro Networks 3
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Video over IP
영상 콘텐츠를
IP 망을 통해 전달
Home
Phone
Curbwww.netmanias.com
12
How does video over IP works ?
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
TV portal server
VoD
Streaming
server
IP STB
Live Encoder
Unicast Streaming
Multicast Streaming
Internetwww.netmanias.com
13
VoD service scenario 1
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
TV portal server
VoD
Streaming
server
IP STB
2.TV portal 1. STB 인증, 서비스인증
3. VoD portalwww.netmanias.com
14
VoD service scenario 2
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
TV portal server
VoD
Streaming
server
4. Select a Movie
5. get VoD streaming server IP(& content meta file)
6. RTSP request for selected content
IP STB
7. VoD streaming
8. VCR-like control (FF,…)
Moviewww.netmanias.com
15
Broadcast TV service Scenario 1
Network Initialization
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
TV portal server
Live Encoder
IP STBwww.netmanias.com
16
Broadcast TV service Scenario 2
STB booting
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
TV portal server
Live Encoder
IP STB
TV portal
EPG
STB 인증, 서비스인증www.netmanias.com
17
Broadcast TV service Scenario 3
Select a channel
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
TV portal server
Live Encoder
IP STB
igmp join Programwww.netmanias.com
18
Video over IP Requirement
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Video over IP
영상 콘텐츠를
IP 망을 통해 전달
Home
Phone
Curb
Compression, Encoding
IP encapsulation
IP Multicast
Metro Core
Network Capacity
Metro Access
Network Capacity
IP QoS
Content 보호: CAS, DRM
Home Network
(IP STB)
Middleware
Contents Acquisition
AAAwww.netmanias.com
19
Requirement: QoS (data-path)
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
QoS
Classification, Marking(DiffServ)
QoS
Priority queueing
Curbwww.netmanias.com
20
Requirement: QoS (Control plane)
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
Curb
VoD
Headend
2. Select Content (HTTP)
QoS Manager
(Bandwidth Broker)
3. Request Reservation Web Portal
4. Reply
Bandwidth management
Admission control (CAC)
1. Collection of network info.www.netmanias.com
21
Requirements: IP Multicast
Metro Core
Access
POP
CO
CO
CO
DSLAM
Adsl2+
(24Mbps)
1GE
Public
Internet
Metro
Router
L3 SW
1GE
1GE
vdsl
(50Mbps)
vdsl
(50Mbps)
Ethernet
(100Mbps)
Edge
Router
VDSL DSLAM
L2 SW
Broadcast TV
Headend
PC TV
IP STB
Modem/Hub
VoD
Headend VoD
Streaming
servers
Encoding
Live
Encoding
Decoding
Unicast
(Streaming)
Multicast
(Streaming)
http
Home
Phone
PIM-SM, IGMP
Curbwww.netmanias.com
22
志村 十条
落合
別館
北町
成増
南板橋
別館
練馬
赤羽
営業別館
巣鴨
板橋
王子
東京
大塚
池袋
東京
上野
九段
西新井
東京
荒川
駒込
第二
石神井
西練馬
東京
大泉
関町
杉並
高円寺 東京
野方
松沢
ﾋﾞﾙ2
四谷
淀橋
新宿
西新宿
中野
牛込
東京
大久保
井草
荻窪
上北沢
東京
烏山
久我山
田端
尾久
白鬚
吉原
浅草
小石川
千住
蔵前
東京
浜町
墨田
本所
茅場兜
江東
竹の塚
梅島
東京
綾瀬 金町
亀有
向島
小岩
葛西
東京
城東
江戸川
東江
戸川
東京
深川
神田
駿河台
丸の内
大手町
ＦＳ
霞ケ関
東京
赤坂
代々木
東京
青山
芝
東京
三田
品川
目黒
本館
東渋谷
渋谷
世田谷
自由が丘
唐ヶ崎
東京
玉川
東京
瀬田
砧
狛江
成城
弦巻
田園
調布
矢口
雪ケ谷
池上
馬込 大森
蒲田 羽田
白金
大田支店
埠頭
大崎
別棟
荏原
葛飾
大崎
Yahoo!BB (Residential Service)
Internet
POP
Dark fiber
(from NTT)
GSR
Ethernet
Sub_ring
Main_ring
Last-mile
CO
… ADSL
(8Mbps)
Existing
telephone line
IP DSLAM
Ethernet
L3 switch
CO
…
ADSL2+
(24Mbps)
Existing
telephone line
IP DSLAM
Ethernet
L3 switch
100M
1G 1G
1G
1G
10G
1G
• 가입자: 300만 (2003, 7월)
• Metro Access: IP adsll (8Mbps 도입, 24Mbps도입중)
• Metro Distribution: 1 GE Ring (Ethernet over Dark Fiber), OSPF 라우팅
• Metro Core: 10 GE Ring (Ethernet over Dark Lambda, WDM 도입), OSPF 라우팅
• 망구축 방법: First-mile access회선과 CO간의 Dark Fiber, 그리고 CO 공간을 NTT로부터 임대하고 IP DSLAM과 L3 Switch, DWDM장비는 구매하여 구
축
• 현재 일본 초고속 인터넷 가입자(12,000,000)의 30%에 가까운 가입자를 확보하며 성공함: 성공의 배경은 자가망 구축에 있다. 즉, 기존의 일본의 ISP는
DSLAM Back-haul Network를 구축하기 위해 NTT로부터 ATM 회선(1.5Mbps, 45Mbps, 155Mbps)을 이매하였으나 Yahoo는 Dark Fiber를 임대하여 자
가망을 구축하듯이 메트로 이더넷 기반의 메트로 백본을 구축하였다. 이로 인해 Gbps의 대용량 대역폭을 갖는 Metro 네트워크를 저렴하고 또한 빠른 시일
내 구축이 가능해짐.
Cisco 6509
Corecess 6524
L3
L3 SW L3 SW L3 SW
WDM WDM
10Gbps 10Gbps
1Gbps
Access
Network
Access
Network
Access
Network
10Gbps Transport Capacity
Ethernet
Ethernetwww.netmanias.com
23
Yahoo!BB (Residential Service)
GbE
IP DSLAM
Ethernet
Switch
IP STB Modem
TV [Samsung]
IP multicast (All channels)
(IGMP)
[Utstarcom]
CH1 CH2 Ch3
CH1
CH1
CH2
Metro Core
L3 Switch
[Cisco]
BBcableTV (HE)
IP 방송 (19 channels)
(2Mbps MPEG2)
VoD (2Mbps MPEG2)
MPEG2
Encoders
[Harmonic]
VoD
Servers
[sgi]
Hub
PC
IP STB Modem
TV
Hub
PC
IP STB Modem
TV
Hub
PC
암호화
암호화
NTT CO
(Co-location)
Yahoo!BB
Yahoo
Service-POP
Last-mile
(adsl)
Metro Core
(Metro Ethernet, 1G/10G)
IP 방송 서비스www.netmanias.com
24
Video over IP Trends
xDSL, Ethernet
Port Cost
Video Component Cost
Continue to decline
(Encoder, IP STB, VoD server)
Technology Improvement
Access BW: ADSL2+, VDSL, Ethernet
Video compression: MPEG2/4, WMT9, H.264
Video over IP
Business Opportunity
Rise
Time
Price
Performancewww.netmanias.com
25
Netmanias IP Video Service Demo Lab.
Agilent
GE
adsl
5 channels
(4Mbps@channel) pim-sm
Laurel
ST200
Redback
SE800
Corecess
6800
VOD
HDTV (ETRI)
TV portal
Riverstone
8600
CO
POP
Internet
TV
IP STB
Enterprise
GE
Dasan
L3 SW
pim-sm
MDU
Dasan L2 SW
Dasan VDSL
Corecess VDSL
IP STB
TV
IP STB
Residential
VoD servers
Edge Router
Metro
Router
adsl
DSLAM
Aggregation
SW
L3 CPE
TV
IP STB
PC
(HDTV client)
영상전화
Modem
Hub
Modem
Modem
PC
Broadcast TV
Headend
Skystream
Mediaplex
Optibase
MGW5100
Tandberg 5710
Tandberg TT7116
TV
Gold
Silver
BE
Gold
IP Network Emulator
(Packetstorm)www.netmanias.com
26
IP TV : Multicast Scenario
Edge
Router
Metro
Router
Metro
L3 Switch
Metro
L2 Switch
DVD : CH 2
Camera : CH 1
TV
STB TV
STB L2 LHR Router RP Multicast Source
Streaming
Server
TV Channels
1. All broadcast TV Channels distributed to RP
Select CH 2
2. IGMPv2 leave for previous or default channel
IGMPv2 leave
3. IGMPv2 query
4. IGMPv2 join
IGMPv2 join
5. PIM-SM join(*, G)
6. PIM-SM join(*, G)
Select CH 2
7. IP Multicast Traffic
8. IGMPv2 leave for previous or default channel
9. IGMPv2 query
10. IGMPv2 join
11. IP Multicast Traffic
IGMP Domain
(Fast-Leave)
PIM-SM Domain
100Tx 100Fx GE GE GEwww.netmanias.com
27
Channel Zapping – Case 1
L3 Switch 까지 모든 multicast traffic 이 가는 경우
 Channel Zapping Time
 Network Delay, MPEG Decoding Delay (STB)
DVD : CH 2
Camera : CH 1
STB L2 LHR Router RP Multicast Source
IGMP leave (group : 234.1.1.2)
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH1 : 234.1.1.1)
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH2 : 234.1.1.2)
Select CH 1
Display CH 2
IGMP query for 234.1.1.2
IGMP join (group : 234.1.1.1)
Display CH 2
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH1 : 234.1.1.1)
t1
t2
t3
t4
tj
tn
td
tz
 Tz = Tn + Td ≈ 1 ~ 2 sec
 Tz : Channel Zapping Time
 Tn : Network Delay
 Td : MPEG-2 Decoding Time (STB)
 Tn = 35ms ~ 50ms
≈ ≈  Tj ≈ 10ms
100Tx 100Fx GE GE GE
Copy the packetswww.netmanias.com
28
Channel Zapping – Case 2/3
Metro Router or Edge Router 까지 모든 multicast traffic 이 가는 경우
DVD : CH 2
Camera : CH 1
STB L2 LHR Router RP Multicast Source
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH1 : 234.1.1.1)
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH2 : 234.1.1.2)
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH1 : 234.1.1.1)
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH2 : 234.1.1.2)
Case 2
Case 3
 Case 2 & Case 3
 Network delay : 300ms ~ 900ms
 Telco IP TV 서비스에서 Channel Zapping Time 을 줄이기 위해서는 MDU L3 Switch
또는 CO DSLAM 까지 모든 Multicast traffic 을 전달하는 하는 것이 효과적이다.
100Tx 100Fx GE GE GE
Copy the packets Copy the packetswww.netmanias.com
29
Multicast Scalability
Multicast group capacity, IGMP multi-session
DVD : CH 2
Camera : CH 1
STB L2 LHR Router RP Multicast Source
Smartbit
100Mbps 6 Ports (40 groups per 100Tx)
IGMP leave for previous channel or default channel
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH1 : 234.1.1.1)
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH2 : 234.1.1.2)
IGMP query
IGMP join for selected channel (group : 234.1.1.1)
Select CH 2
4 Mbps MPEG-2 (CH2 : 234.1.1.2)
 Packet Loss  No
 Video Quality  Good
 Channel Zapping Time  No Increase
2Mbps x 240 Multicast groups
= 480Mbps Multicast Traffics
100Tx 100Fx GE GE GE
100Txwww.netmanias.com
30
QoS Requirement of Streaming Video
DVD : CH 2
Camera : CH 1
STB
VDSL L3(Aggregation) Metro Router Edge Router
(50Mbps)
Multicast Source
GE GE GE GE
HDTV Server VOD Server
STB
HDTV(19.2Mbps)
SDTV(4Mbps)
PC
Hub modem
 High Bandwidth >= 25Mbps
 End-to-End IP Network QoS 제공
 Packet Loss, Jitter, Delay
 Control Plane : Intserv, QoS Manager
(Bandwidth Broker)
 Data Plane : Diffserv (DSCP, 802.1p)
Internet
영상전화
Internet
Home Networkwww.netmanias.com
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QoS Requirement of Streaming Video
 Streaming Video requires lower packet loss and jitter
DVD : CH 2
Camera : CH 1
STB L2 LHR Router RP Multicast Source
100Tx 100Tx GE GE GE
QoS Parameters
(Packet Loss, Jitter,
Delay)
0.1 1000
Delay / Jitter [msec]
low
0
QoS
high Quality of IP TV broadcast
0.2 0.3
Video Stream : 4 Mbps MPEG-2 TS
Jitter
Delay
～～
0.01 0.1 1 10
Packet discard ratio [%]
low
0
～～
QoS
high Quality of IP TV broadcast
0.03 0.05
4Mbps MPEG-2 TS
2Mbps MPEG-2 TS
IP Network Emulator
(Packetstrom)www.netmanias.com
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QoS Implementation
Agilent
GE
adsl
5 channels
(4Mbps@channel) pim-sm
Laurel
ST200
Redback
SE800
Corecess
6800
VOD
HDTV (ETRI)
TV portal
Riverstone
8600
CO
POP
Internet
TV
IP STB
GE
Dasan
L3 SW
pim-sm
MDU
Dasan L2 SW
Dasan VDSL
Corecess VDSL
IP STB
TV
IP STB
Residential
VoD servers
Edge Router
Metro
Router
adsl
DSLAM
Aggregation
SW
TV
IP STB
PC
(HDTV client)
영상전화
Modem
Hub
Modem
Modem
PC
Broadcast TV
Headend
Skystream
Mediaplex
Optibase
MGW5100
Tandberg 5710
Tandberg TT7116
TV
• Classification & Marking
• Multicast traffic
• Gold (DSCP:AF40)
• Internet traffic
• Silver (DSCP:AF20)
• Agilent Background traffic
• Best Effort
•Priority queuing
& scheduling
• Classification & Marking
• VOD & HDTV traffic
• Gold (DSCP:AF40)
• Priority queuing
& scheduling
• Priority queuing
& scheduling
Gold
BE
Gold
Silver
1Gbps
High Queue
Medium Queue
Low Queue
BE AF20 AF40
• Priority queuing
& scheduling
Bottleneckwww.netmanias.com
33
Question ?www.netmanias.com
34
감사합니다.