Ethernet in Metro Area Networks
2000.8.25
손장우
son@netmanias.com
www.netmanias.com
Content
Metro Area Network
Problem of SONET/SDH networks
New Alternatives to SONET/SDH
ATM VP Ring
MSPP (Multi-Service Provisioning Platform)
DPT (Dynamic Packet Transport)
Gigabit Ethernet
ESP (Ethernet Service Provider)
Conclusion
Metro Area Network ?
Rolls:
Internet access (through ISP POP)
Private line among enterprise local sites
New applications: Application outsourcing, e-commerce, ….
Typical Current Metro Area Network
SONET-based TDM networks
LAN
Internet
backbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISPPOP
ISP
POP
Residential
ASP
MAN
ISP: Internet Service Provider
POP: Point-of-Presence
MAN: Metro Area Network
ASP: Application Service Provider
SONET: Synchronous Optical Network
TDM: Time Division Multiplexing
Problem of
Current Metro area networks
Lanza(Mayan) says, “Traffic races over gigabit networks inside office buildings and within the Internet core, but when it travels between them it has to squeeze through a copper line-and that line is turtle-slow”
Young(Yipes) says, “Your data leaves your office going nice and fast, hits the local phone company and turns into a snail, then takes off again when it reaches the backbone.until it hits the next phone company”
EnterpriseGE.Fast(Gigabit)
LAN
MAN
Internet
backbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISPPOP
ISP
POP
nDS0, T1, T3
Leased line
TDM-based
SONET
backbone
IP/DWDM, TSR
Optical Switching and OXC
.
Fast
(Gigabit/Terabit)
MAN = Bottleneck !
(sipping straw)
Residential
Residential
Cable, xDSL, and Broadband Wireless .Fast (Mbps/user)
Current Metro area transport network
OC3/12accessring
OC3/12
access
ring
OC12/48
Metro Core Ring
OC3/12
access
ring
OC12/48
Metro Core Ring
OC3/12
access
ring
OC3/12accessring
OC12/48
Metro Core Ring
OC3/12
access
ring
OC3/12
access
ring
Long-haul DWDM backbone
(OC48/192)
T1
T3
ISP
POP
지사
본사
ASP
Problem of SONET/SDH
Circuit switching/TDM
BW allocation flexibility
Upgrade ?
Long lead time
Problem of SONET/SDH (1)Circuit switching/TDM
PCM Voice
64Kbps(= 8bit/125.sec) continuous bit stream
발생율
서비스율(circuit)
SONET은TDM channel상으로Voice Traffic을전달할목적으로설계되었다.(Time division multiplexing, Circuit switching) .Bursty data traffic 전송에비효율적이다
Data traffic: highly-bursty
발생율
서비스율(circuit)
BW wasted !
No Problem !
Voice Traffic .Circuit service
Data Traffic .Circuit service
a 64Kbps circuit
1
2
3
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
SONET/SDH
Core Ring
(OC12/48)
Problem of SONET/SDH (1)Circuit switching/TDM
SONET/SDH
access
Ring
(OC3/12)
ADM
DCS
ISP POP
Enterprise local A
Enterprise local B
T1
OC3:  84 T1’s or 3 T3’s
OC12: 336 T1s or 12 T3s
OC48: 1344 T1’s or 48 T3’s
TDM dedicated circuit
Problem of SONET/SDH (2)SONET Multiplexing Hierarchy
STS-48c
STS-12c
STS-3c
51.84Mbps
OC-1
SPE3c
SPE
VT Group
VT-6
VT-2
VT-1.5
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.4
6Mbps
2Mbps
1.5Mbps
45Mbps
140Mbps
STS-192c
STS-1
STS-3
STS-12
STS-48
STS-192
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
OC-3
OC-3c
OC-12
OC-12c
OC-48
OC-48c
OC-192
OC-192c
155.52 Mbps
(=51.84*3)
622.02 Mbps(=51.84*12)
2.488 Gbps
(=51.84*48)
9.953 Gbps
(=51.84*192)
STS-1: SONET basic signal
SPE
OH
3
87
9
90B
90.9.8bit/125.sec=51.84Mbps
STS-3 (155.52Mbps)
STS-3c (155.52Mbps)
STS-1
STS-1
STS-1
270B
9
9
261
SPE3c
E
O
Problem of SONET/SDH (2)SONET Multiplexing Hierarchy
OC-12 (STS-12/STM-4)
STS-1
1.544Mbps
DS1(T1)
(28s/DS3)
10Mbps
Ethernet .
STS-1
STS-1
45Mbps
DS3(T3)
Data
…
Voice .DS1(T1)(28s/DS3)
…
…
64Kbps 음성샘플
…
…
Problem of SONET/SDH (3)Internet traffic의급증(SONET Ring 용량의한계)
SONET/SDH Ring
ADM
ATM
Router
VoiceSwitch
Voice Traffic
Data Traffic
emerging_architecture_a
현재SONET Ring
용량한계임박
이유
Internet
Leased line
ASP
Data Traffic의급증
Source:RHK
ADM
ADM
DCS
Problem of SONET/SDH (3)Upgrade ?
OC12/48
ADM
DWDM
Ring
OC12ADM
WDM
MUX
1. Replace all ADMs: OC12.OC48
2. Deploy another Ring
3. Deploy DWDM
SONET RingOC12
OC12
ADM
OC12
ADM
OC12
ADM
OC12
ADM
SONET Ring
OC48
OC48ADM
OC48
ADM
OC48
ADM
OC48
ADM
SONET Ring
OC12
OC12/48
ADM
OC12/48
ADM
OC12
ADM
OC12ADM
SONET Ring
OC12
OC12
ADM
OC12
ADM
OC12ADM
OC12
ADM
All the solution .high cost
Problem of SONET/SDH (4):Long lead time (수주-수개월)
T1
1
28
…
ADM
SONET access Ring
e.g. OC3(155Mbps)
2
3
T3
…
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
M13
MUX
Ex) Multitenant office buildings
Problem of SONET/SDH (4):Long lead time (수주-수개월)
T1
1
28
…
2
3
T3
…
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
M13
MUX
ADM
ADM/DCS
ADM/DCS
CP
ISP POP
Internet
SONET Access
Ring
SONET Core
Ring
LEC’s
infrastructure
people31
Inverse multiplexing
( 2T1s.logically 1 T1)
Provision the additional
T1 line
from SONNET MUX
to customer’s router
Truck
Rolls
Enterprise: T1 하나더주세요^^
Service provider: Yes, wait…
New Alternatives to SONET
LAN
Internetbackbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISP
POP
ISP
POP
Next Generation MAN
MSPPSONET liteSONET+SM
Gigabit
Ethernet
WDM
New Solutions
DPT
iPT
ATM
VP Ring
Bottleneck !
Residential
MAN
#NAME?
Leased line
#NAME?
SONET
ATM VP Ring
Next Generation MAN
LAN
MAN
#NAME?
Leased line
#NAME?
SONET
Internetbackbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISP
POP
ISP
POP
MSPP
SONET lite
SONET+SM
Gigabit
Ethernet
WDM
New Solutions
DPT
iPT
ATM
VP Ring
Bottleneck !
Residential
ATM VP Ring
Based-on Bellcore GR-2837 (ATM Virtual Path Rings over SONET)
ATM VP (virtual path/virtual private) ring switches being sold by
Atmosphere Networks Inc.( http://www.atmospherenet.com) .Ditech Communications (6/00, $98.5 million)
ADC Telecommunications Inc. (http://www.adc.com)
Ciena
Fujitsu (http://www.fujitsu.com)
Nortel Networks Inc.(http://www.nortelnetworks.com).
STNproduct
ADC
Cellworx™ Service
Transport Node
(STN)
Atmosphere
FSN 1200 full service
Node (Data-aware
SONET/SDH Transport)
fsn1200new
ATM VP Ring 적용예
예) DSLAM Backhaul
Networks of broadband circuits
from 4 remote sites to a central ATM switch
: 3 DC3 + 2 OC3 circuits per site
DS3
OC3
DS3 (.12)
OC3 (.8)
OC 48
SONET Ring
ADM
ADM
ATM
Switch
DSLAMs
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
Current solution: TDM multiplexing
OC 48
Metro Core Ring
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3 (.12)
OC3 (.8)
…
…
DS3
OC3
(STS-3c)
OC48
OC48 TDM Channelized
No Statistical Multiplexing Gain among the different TDM Channels: Inefficient!
TDM: multiplex circuits onto SONET TDM ring
(ADM: add/drop TDM/SONET circuits)
A
DS3 circuit from A to C
ADM
ADM
ATM
Switch
OC48
3.DS3
2.OC3
DROP
ADD
ADM
OC48
ATM VP Ring
OC 12
Metro Core Ring
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
DS3 (.12)
OC3 (.8)
OC48
Fully-shared OC12c
ATM VP Ring multiplex efficiently the ATM traffics by ATM cell ADD/DROP
ATM VP Ring-add/drop ATM cells (ATM-ADM)
#NAME?
OC12c
OC12c
3.DS3
2.OC3
DROP
ADD
ATM-ADM
ATM Cells
Comparison
TDM multiplexing
ATM VP Ring
DS1, DS3, STS-n싞호
를종단시키고ATM cell을
Statistical  multiplexing
Statistical  multiplexing
Time Disivion multiplexing
Statistical  multiplexing 효과로
얻어지는BW를이용해
더많은가입자를수용가능
ATM VP Ring : Hybrid solution
Hybrid (기존SONET장비이용)
#NAME?
#NAME?
OC12
3.DS32.OC3
DROP
ADD
ATM-ADM
Add/drop
ATM Cells
OC48
OC12
DROP an OC12
ADD an OC12
ADM
OC48
OC12
OC 48 SONET Ring
ATM VP Ring : Hybrid solution
OC 48Metro Core Ring
DS3 (.12)
OC3 (.8)
ADM
ADM
ADM
DS3
OC3
DS3
OC3
OC12
DS3
OC3
OC12
ATM-ADM
ATM-ADM
DS3
OC3
OC12
ATM-ADM
OC48
OC 48 channelized
(4 OC12s)
One OC12 : statistical multiplexing
3 OC12s : STM traffics (channelized)
MSPP (Multi-Service Provisioning Platform)
Next Generation MAN
LAN
MAN
#NAME?
Leased line
#NAME?
SONET
Internetbackbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISPPOP
ISP
POP
MSPP
SONET lite
SONET+SM
Gigabit
Ethernet
WDM
New Solutions
DPT
iPT
ATM
VP Ring
Bottleneck !
Residential
SONET MSPP for MAN
MultiService Provisioning Platform (MSPP)
MSPP vendors are basically using two different approachesto address SONET\'s data shortcomings:
First, implement full SONET, with added statistical multiplexing. Chromatis, Cisco, Cyras, Geyser, Mayan, Siara, and Sirocco take this tack. (Just to make things more complicated, Geyser, Siara, and Sirocco also support the full version of SDH [synchronous digital hierarchy], the European derivation of SONET).
Second, use a slimmed-down version of SONET. Alidian, Appian, Astral Point, and Net Insight support so-called SONET lite.
MSPP Vendors
Cerent .Cisco Systems Inc. (http://www.cisco.com) : $7 billion, 8/99
Siara Systems(http://www.siara.com) .Redback Networks Inc. (http://www.redback.com) : $4.3 billion, 11/99
Chromatis Networks Inc. (http://www.chromatis.com) .Lucent, $ 4.5billion
Cyras Systems Inc. (http://www.cyras.com)
Geyser Networks Inc. (http://www.geysernetworks.com)
Mayan Networks Corp. (http://www.mayannetworks.com)
Sirocco Systems Inc.(http://www.siroccosystems.com) .sycamore (http://www.sycamorenet.com) ($2.88 Billion, 6/00)
Net Insight AB(http://www.netinsight.net)
Alidian Networks Inc. (http://www.alidian.com)
Appian Communications Inc. (http://www.appiancom.com)
Astral Point Communications Inc. (http://www.astralpoint.com)
Implement full SONET, with added statistical multiplexing
Use a slimmed-down version of SONET
Comparisons
table1
Source: LightReading Report 2000
cloud gr
Redback(Siara Systems)
Fast-growing
Metro optical access market
$ 23billion in 2001
(from Goldman Sachs)
Current Metro access networkTDM based SONET/SDH
Resource-intensive static provisioning
Multiple stand-alone network elements(SONET ADM, DCS, ATM, Router)
RequirementsInternet traffic 급증
SONET/SDH 도입량막대
기존SONET/TDM 서비스투자보호
궁극적으로는IP
photo
SmartEdge 800
Multi-service optical platform for metropolitan networks
1999.11: Redback Siara systems 인수, $4.3billion
2000.5: SmartEdge 800  (siara의multi-service provisioning platform) 발표
General Availability: 3Q 2000
ProblemLow access speed
High cost (Network 구축, 이용료)
Poor scalability
MAN
SE 800 Key Points
1. TDM private line
.Packet based transport
2. Network Element consolidation
SE800 = ADM, DCS, Router, DWDM
3. Multi-service in a Product
; TDM service(Voice) + Packet data Service
4. S/W-based network provisioning (per port)  
5. Graceful migration form existing SONET to
IP service (TDM과Packet갂에가변용량할당가능)
SmartEdge 800: per-port provisioning
siara4
Traffic card
SmartEdge 800
-12 traffic cards
-2.5Gbps/card
-DS1~OC48
A Port
Legacy TDM service
; Voice, Video
(standard SONET TDM channels)
.Guarantee latency and jitter
IP packet service; statistical multiplexing of IP packets.Link efficiency (보다많은가입자수용)
The portion of TDM/packet
is dynamically provisionable
on a per port basis
; done by software, not hardware
(STS-1단위로나뉘어짐)
.Graceful migration
from TDM/SONET circuit
to IP packet service
SmartEdge 800: switching architecture
siara7
TDM traffic
IP traffic
A single port
(e.g., OC-12)
STS-1 : TDM
STS-3c : Packet
2 switching fabrics(& backplanes)-CCC: CrossConnect and Control module(Carrying TDM traffic)
#NAME?
Traffic card에서
traffic 분리(TDM, Packet)
StatisticalMultiplexing
Time
Division
Multiplexing
photo
SmartEdge 800: Multiple ring 구성가능
photo
photo
photo
photo
DS1
DS3
OC3
DS1
DS3
OC3
TDM
Packet
(Statistical multiplexing)
OC12Customer (access)Ring
OC12
Customer (access)
Ring
OC48
Metro Core Ring
TDM(VoiceVideo)
전용회선
* 6개의SONET Ring 구성가능(즉, 기존SONET ADM 6개기능내장)
* SE800갂의Packet path는Ring BW full sharing개념이아니라P-t-P POS로예측됨.
SE800
SE800
SE800
SE800
Router
ADM
DCS
ADM
ADM
AstralPoint
astral2
astral3
astral4
astral5
1. Upgrade SONET:
.Typical Metro SONET Ring ~ OC3/OC12
.Explosion of data traffic in metro area network .strain SONET Ring
.With the current SONET architecture, an increase in bandwidth requires more fiber rings
2. Static provisioning
.Provisioning services over SONET
rings is time consuming and expensive
.SONET ADM must be individually
configured and managed
Source: astral point
AstralPointConsolidation multiple network equipments
astral6
astral7
astral8
DS1DC3 circuits/DACS+ATM+LAN/Packet+Lambda+Optical ADM(DWDM)
New Metro Area Networks
(Mesh architecture)
Source: astral point
장비통합
망구성
AstralPointDynamic provisioning
astral1
astral9
astral10
Source: astral point
DPT (Dynamic Packet Transport)
Next Generation MAN
LAN
MAN
#NAME?
Leased line
#NAME?
SONET
Internetbackbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISPPOP
ISP
POP
MSPP
SONET lite
SONET+SM
Gigabit
Ethernet
WDM
New Solutions
DPTiPT
ATM
VP Ring
Bottleneck !
Residential
POS (Packet over  SONET/SDH)의단점을극복하기위해시스코에서제시된{라우팅+전송} 방식
…
…
…
POS (Packet Over SONET)
OC3c
(STS-3c)
OC12 TDM
Channelized
POS (Packet Over SONET/SDH)Router with POS card + ADM(add/dropTDM/SONET circuits)라우터A, B, C와D갂에각각STS-3c connection이설정됨.
SONET/SDH Ring
ADM
ADM
OC3c
POS port
A
B
C
D
A-D
B-D
C-D
Data
Voice
PPP/HDLC
SONET
IP
OC3c
OC3c
N.OC3c
ADM
ADM
POS (Packet Over SONET)
…
…
OC3c
(STS-3c)
OC12 TDMChannelized
SONET/SDH Ring
ADM
ADM
OC3c
POS port
A
B
C
D
A-D
B-D
C-D
OC3c
OC3c
N.OC3c
ADM
ADM
PPP/HDLC
STS-3c/SONET
IP
Statistical
Multiplexing
(packet)
TDM(circuit)
POS (Packet Over SONET)
…
…
…
SONET/SDH Ring
OC3c
POS port
A
B
C
D
OC12
OC3c
(STS-3c)
DROP
ADD
ADM
OC12
ADM (Add/Drop Multiplexer)
Add/Drop TDM/SONET circuit (DS1, DS3, STS-N)
DPT (Dynamic Packet Transport)
1. DPT packet = DPT 헤더+ IP packet+ CRC
2. DPT packet을ADD/DROP
(statistical multiplexing)
3. DPT MAC = SRP(Spatial Reuse Protocol):
Destination stripping operation
4. No SONET ADM required.
(add a SRP Line Card/router)
=> cost/BW .
…
…
Shared OC12c
Fiber Ring
A
C
D
…
B
OC12
DROP
ADD
OC12
Fabric
Transit Q
Rx Q
Tx Q
DPT packet
SRP Line Card
SRP-fa(Fairness Algorithm)
IPS (Intelligent Protection Switching)
Data
Voice
DPT/SRP(MAC)
SONET framing
IP
Optic/WDM
Cisco Routers,supporting DPT
Cisco GSR 12000 series
Cisco 7500 series
Cisco 7200 series
Cisco uBR 7200 series
Cisco’s DPT solution
GSR
GSR
GSR
GSR
Dedicated Access
PoP Ring
LeasedLines
Cable DataAccess Ring
Metro Access
Ring (2.5G)
Server Access Ring
Regional
Transport
Ring (10Gbps)
Backbone
Ring
GSR
Regional
Transport
Ring
GSR
HFC
HFC
HFC
HFC
Si
Si
WDM
GSR
GSR
Gigabit Ethernet Approach
Next Generation MAN
LAN
MAN-nDS0, T1, T3Leased line-TDM-basedSONET
Internet
backbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISPPOP
ISP
POP
MSPP
SONET lite
SONET+SM
Gigabit
Ethernet
WDM
New Solutions
DPT
iPT
ATMVP Ring
Bottleneck !
Residential
Gigabit Ethernet Approach
logo_telseon
tbg_mm
logo_extreme
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NGN2000
OPTICON 2000
Interop 2000
IIR
TBG
Netreference
Telecommunication/nwfusion/LightReading,…
10 GEA
M&A trends (Cisco, Redback, Sycamore,…)
Vendor’s Direction: Nortel, Extreme, WWP, Redback, New startups
sycamore_logo
Extreme Networks
Extreme’s view: The key remaining link between LAN and WAN .the metropolitan network (MAN)
Current MAN architecture
New convergence
#NAME?
Data
IP
Voice
TDM/SONET
Optic
Data
Voice
Ethernet (GE)
WDM
IP
Circuit.Packet
(BW efficiency
BW flexibility
Transparent Ethernet)
BW multiplier
VoIP
Extreme’s MSP solution
access
Metro Core
CWDM(4.GE)
LX-70 GBIC
(70Km)
MSP’s POP
DC-27RACB
ISP’s ADM
Ethernet Switch (32-64Gbps)
CWDM port (4 .1GE)
LX-70 GBIC (1GE)
POS port
Co-location
Multi-tenant Building
Business Park
Campus
Features of Ethernet switch: Alpine 3803/3804, BlackDiamond 6808, Summit
IP TDM
Bandwidth by the slice
Per-bit billing
Integrated WDM
Virtual MAN
Long-range optics
Nortel’siPT (interWAN Packet Transport)
Ethernet frame Add/Drop
nortel4
Router or L2 switch
iPT node (=SONET ADM + Ethernet)
SONET Ring
iPT: Ring MAC protocol
nortel5
Ethernet
Card
Rx
Tx
Ethernet Switchor IP Router
iPT node (Express,Transport Node, OPTera Metro)
SONETRING
Standard Ethernet frame
iPT: Spatial Reuse
nortel7
iPT platform portfolio
nortel8
Nortel’s iPT Ethernet solution
iPT
iPT
CO/POP
Accelar
Versalar
AccelarVersalar
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPT
E
iPT
E
CO/POP
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPT
E
CO/POP
iPT Ring
(Ethernet over SONET)
iPT
Ring
iPTRing
iPT
Ring
iPT
E
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPT
iPTRing
E
iPT
CO/POP
Gigabit Ethernet
Extreme (Riverstone)
Metro Ethernet Solution = High-end L2/L3 Ethernet switch + CWDM (line card) + MPLS
Nortel (OpteraMetro, iPT)
SONET ADM + Ethernet frame ADD/DROP 기능
MSP based on Ethernet
Metro area Service Providers based-on Ethernet (MSP, ESP)
Telseon (Riverstone)
.Service rate: 1Mbps .100Mbps (.1Gbps)
.100Mbps ~ $2,500/month
Yipes (Extreme)
.Service rate: 1Mbps .80Mbps, in 1Mbps increments
.1Mbps~$300, 10Mbps~$500, 100Mbps ~$1,000
Cogent (Cisco)
.Service rate: 1Mbps .100Mbps (.1Gbps)
.100Mbps ~ $1,000/month
T1~$1,500, T3~$6,000/month
Related Vendors
Extreme networks
Riverstone networks
Cisco
Telseon
Target
B2B : enterprise private network, communication with business partner
B2SP: Application service provider, Internet service provider, Data backup service provider
Telseon
Telseon의주장
WAN: long-haul high-speed IP-based backbone ~ link=2.5G/10G/40G, Router=GSR/TSR, Optical=OS/OXC=Tbps (Qwest, Level3, Williams,…) .Fast !
LAN: Gigabit Ethernet ~ Full duplex, L2/3 switch .Fast !
MAN, where LANs and long-haul backbone networks converge.
Comparatively slow speed, inflexible, and high cost current SONET TDM based MAN has been a bottleneck !
Telseon says, the problems of SONET TDM based MAN are ….
LAN과new BB WAN에비해서느리다
DS0(64Kbps)-T1(1.544Mbps)-T3(45Mbps)-OC3(155Mbps)
Expensive: T1/$1,500/month
SONET TDM is Circuit-switching (사용에무관히고액의정액요금)
SONET 장비(ADM, DCS)가비싸다.
BW provisioning
takes weeks, often months (새로운링크제공, 또는기존고객의링크에BW추가시에)
Manually provisioning, not dynamically provisioning
Telseon’s Solution
LogicalWire IP service
MAN Infra: Ethernet + Fiber Optics
Tunneling (Connection over Ethernet networks): VLAN, MPLS
$2,500 / 100Mbps / month (DS-3 configuration from a ILEC or a CLEC in a metro = $5,000/month)
Customer-controlled Provisioning
router
router
router
Telseon’s Network
router
router
router
Host or
Router
Service
Interface Unit
AccessSwitch
CoreSwitch
Fiber or DWDM
Customer
Brows
Provisioning& Reports Server
To the Internet(Verio)
CO
CO
ISP POP
1GSMF/MMF
CP
Metro Edge
Metro Core
Ethernet switch(Riverstone, Extreme)
10/100
(/1G)
Category 5
cabling
Fully-meshed Layer 3 switch, interconnected via CWDM equipment
Dark fiber
of Level3
DC-27RACB
Co-location
ASP
databackup
Service Interface Unit (SIU)
Functions of SIU1.Traffic shaping and policing: customer의트래픽이계약한data rate(현재1Mpbs-100Mbps 가능)을준수하도록강요
2.Security: 모든프레임의{source Router MAC addr, destination Router MAC addr}를필터링하여authorized S/D pair인경우에만access switch로전달하고그렇지않은경우폐기(leak proof)
3.Traffic prioritization: mapping from IP-based DiffServ CoS packet markings to 802.1p priority tagging {현재2 class 지원: Standard forwarding(best-effort), Expedited Data service(e.g, VoIP traffic)}
4.Fault tolerance:한SIU가두개이상의Access switch로링크를설정한다.
router
Router,
Layer-3 switch,
or Host
ServiceInterface Unit
1GSMF/MMF
10M/100M(/1G)Category 5 UPT cabling
Core
Switch
CP
CPE, Telseon installs and manages
Access/Core Switch
router
router
router
router
router
router
Customer
Brows
Provisioning
& Reports Server
To the Internet
CO
POP
CP
현재: Ethernet VLAN technology를이용Tunnel생성
올해내: MPLS LSP tunnel
Access switch: access switch갂tunneling필요
Network CoreFully-meshed layer 3 switches, interconnected via CWDM equipment
Conclusion (1)
Network Trends: LAN/WAN .MAN (current networking bottleneck ~ sipping straw)
Current MAN: TDM-based SONET/SDH
4 alternatives to TDM/SONET: ATM Ring, MSPP, DPT, GE
공통점1: circuit .packet (ATM cell, IP packet, Ethernet frame)
공통점2: 장비(Layer)의통합화추세
ATM Ring : SONET이ATM을흡수
MSPP: SONET이IP/ATM를흡수
DPT: Router가전송을흡수
Ethernet : Ethernet Switch가전송을흡수
Why ?
DWDM/CWDM을지원(또는향후지원)
LAN
MAN
Internetbackbone
MAN
LAN
LAN
ISPPOP
ISP
POP
Residential
Cost-effective, packet-based,
IP-aware, optical access
Network architecture로진화중
Conclusion (2)
Telco (Voice + Data, SONET/SDH Install base)
MSPP (TDM + SONET + ATM + IP + WDM)
ISP (Data 위주)
DPT
ADSL/DSLAM backhaul
ATM Ring
New startup data service provider
Ethernet (Ethernet : 10 GbE 표준화/상용화되면네트워크구조변화없이네트워크용량10배증가가능)