Metro Ethernet Overview

2003. 2. 5
Jangwoo Son (Netmanias)

Presentation for Metro Optical Ethernet Education hosted by Netmanias.com


Contents



Network Segmentation

Edge

Core

Network Segmentation

MTU: Multi-Tenant Unit
MDU: Multi-Dwelling Unit
MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching
NG-SONET: Next-Generation SONET
EoS: Ethernet over SONET/SDH
PON: Passive Optical Network
TDM: Time-Division Multiplexing
DSL: Digital Subscriber Line
EoDF: Ethernet over Dark Fiber
RPR: Resilient Packet Ring
ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division
Multiplexing



Network Performance 병목구간은?

Enterprise
GE 도입→Fast (Gigabit)



Network Performance 병목구간은?




그렇다면, 현재MAN은왜모양인가?



원래SONET/SDH망은…

…

POTS

STS-1

STS-1

SONET은TDM channel상으로Voice Traffic을전달할목적으로설계되었다.(Time division multiplexing, Circuit switching)



Data Service의수용

STS-1

STS-N

…

POTS
&PL

1.5M PL

45M PL

STS-N

POTS
&PL

1.5M PL

45M PL

155M OC-3

STS-12c

Customer

Customer

Metro POP

Metro POP

Voice Traffic




SONET

STS-1

STS-N

…

POTS
&PL

1.5M PL

45M PL

STS-N

POTS
&PL

1.5M PL

45M PL

155M OC-3

622M OC-3

STS-12c

Customer

Customer

Metro POP

Metro POP

End-to-end Dedicated TDM (1.544 Mbps) Circuit

A

Perfect QoS: end-to-end delay .propagation delay, no jitter




SONET

Excellent Resiliency : APS (Automatic Protection Switching) < 50msec

UPSR

3 1

1 3

1 3










SONET

Circuit Switching : CO, Dedicated BW (다른사용자의트래픽패턴과망부하상황에전혀상관없이대역폭을보장받음)
Automatic Protection Switching : 망장애발생시에50msec이내에자동절체복구
End-to-end QoS측면에서보면가장최적이다.


Problem (1): Circuit switching/TDM →비효율적이다!

SONET은TDM channel상으로Voice Traffic을전달할목적으로설계되었다.(Time division multiplexing, Circuit switching) →Burstydata traffic 전송에비효율적이다

Data traffic: highly-bursty

No Problem !

Voice Traffic →Circuit service

Data Traffic →Circuit service

1

2












Problem (2): Circuit switching/TDM →고가다!

OC3:  84 T1’s or 3 T3’s
OC12: 336 T1s or 12 T3s
OC48: 1344 T1’s or 48 T3’s

많은가입자수용이불가!

ISP POP

Enterprise A본사

인터넷
전용회선

TDM dedicated
Circuit, not shared!
Statistical Multiplexing불가



Problem (3): Ethernet계위와SONET계위



SONET망으로Data traffic을전달하는것은…

1)비효율적이다: Burstydata traffic을TDM방식으로서비스하는것은대역폭의낭비를가지고온다.
2)고가이다: TDM circuit을독점하며다른사용자의트래픽과통계적다중화가되지않으므로! 따라서링크대역폭당가용사용자수가적다. (T1~200만원/월, T3~5,000만원/월)
3)Ethernet 계위와SONET/SDH계위가맞지않는다: 10Mbps 전용선을원하는경우45Mbps T3 line을써야한다.





더군다나…: Data traffic의폭증

현재SONET Ring
용량한계임박



Problem (4): Upgrade ?



Problem (5): Long lead time (수주-수개월)



Problem (5): Long lead time (수주-수개월)



Alternatives



Why use Ethernet in the Metro ?

Cost-effectiveness
Rapid provisioning on demand
Packet-based technology
Easy of interworking
Ubiquitous adoption


망구축비용: Netmanias Evaluated

Metro Access
Network

Total
250 MTUs
2,500 customers
200Mbps/MTU guarantee (access rate)
20 Mbps/customer guarantee (access rate)

MTU



Sample Topology



Monthly Fee

.1 Gigabit Access Ring, 2 Gigabit Core Ring
20 Mbps access rate guarantee for a customer
.The Number of Customers
10 [customers/MTU] ×5 [MTUs/Access Ring]
×10 [Access Rings/NODE]×5 [NODE/Core Ring]
= 2,500 customers
.Equipments cost (List Price)
Access switch: 28,000,000 ×300 = 70 억
POP switch: 3억7천×6 = 22억7천
GSR: 5억×2  = 10억
Total: 100억7천만원
.Price per port
100억7천만원/ 2,500 customer = 4,028,000
Monthly fee: 4,028,000 / 12 = 335,000 (Exit: 12 months)
⇒335,000원/20Mbps/Month
⇒Discount: x %


What are the current limitations of using Ethernet in a Metro Networks?

End-to-end QoSguarantee
Connection admission for new service request
Scheduling or policing to maintain fair access
Optimal path establishment through the network: via STP
Protection mechanisms
Slow failure recovery
In-service performance monitoring and OAM&P
Scalability and network resource utilization
Limited VLAN tag space
Spanning tree issues


What are possible solution to these limitations?

End-to-end QoSguarantees
Over-provisioning
CoS: 802.1p, Diff-serv
Promising long-tern solution: MPLS (TE, BW reservation, Packet coloring)
Protection mechanisms (Slow failure recovery)
IEEE 802.1s (Multiple Spanning Tree)
IEEE 802.1w (Rapid STP)
IEEE 802.3ad (Link aggregation)
MPLS : Backup LSP, Fast Reroute and LSP pre-emption
IEEE 802.17 RPR
EoS: SONET protection
Scalability
Tag-stacking
MPLS


Ethernet Evolution

Native Ethernet
(LAN)

The 1stGeneration
Metro Optical Ethernet

The 2ndGeneration
Metro Optical Ethernet

BW guarantee(CO)
= Ingress rate-limiting/shaping (UPC)
+ 802.1q VLAN (Connection)
+ 802.1p priority queueing

Switch architecture
H/W-based wire-speed L2/L3
forwarding, queueingand scheduling

CoS
Classification
Diff-serv, 802.1p

Resiliency/Restoration
RSTP (802.1w): 1+sec

No BW guarantee(CL)

Resiliency
STP (30sec)

P-to-P, Mesh topologiesP-to-P, Me

Short range Optics
1000BaseLX (5Km)

Geographic limitation
Ethernet LAN

No CoS/QoSNo CoS/QoS

End-to-end BW guarantee(CO)End-to-ed B
= Ingress rate-limiting/shaping (UPC)
+ MPLS LSP
(Per-LSP BW reservation)

Switch architecture
H/W-based wire-speed MPLS
forwarding, queueingand scheduling

MPLS CoS/QoSMPLS CoS/Qo
802.1p/TOS/Diff-serv/port #
to Exp/CoSor LSP

Resiliency/Restoration
MPLS fast reroute (100msec)

Ring: RPR (802.17)
-SRP
-Restoration (<50msec)
-Fair ring-access
-Statistical BW sharing

Long range optics
GBIC/CWDM/DWDM

Geographic limitation
Ethernet WAN

10 Gigabit Ethernet/40GbE10 Gigabit Ethernet/40GbE

Real-time/Web-based/Real-time/Web-b
Self-provisioningSelf-proisioning

VoIP

Usage-based billinge-b

Ring topology

Usage-based billinge-based billing

Real-time provisioningReal-time

1 Gigabit Ethernet/4GbE1 Gigabit

Geographic limitation
Ethernet MAN

Long range optics (70~150Km)
GBIC/CWDM



Metro Ethernet Services: Two Market

Medium
Requirements
Application Services

Enterprise
E/FTTO
E/FTTB+Ethernet
E/FTTC+VDSL/ADSL
SLA and QoS
Internet Access Service
Ethernet Private Line (EPL) / Virtual Leased Line (VLL) Service
Transparent LAN Service (TLS) / Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)

Residential
E/FTTC+VDSL/ADSL
E/FTTH
Low Cost User Interface
Internet access, Video, Voice
IP Video (VoD/Broadcast TV)



Ethernet Private Line

HQ
(Company A)

BO
(Company A)

HQ
(Company B)

BO
(Company B)

Ethernet Private Line/Virtual Leased Line (P-t-P)



TLS (Transparent LAN Service)

HQ
(Company B)

BO 3
(Company B)

TLS/VPLS (Multi-Point)

BO 2
(Company B)

BO 2
(Company A)



Internet Access Service

Internet Access

Hub Node



??????

Ethernet Switching Basic: frame format

Ethernet MAC Frame Format

Pre

dst
MAC

src
MAC

Type/
Length

CRC

8B

6B

6B

2B

46-1500B

4B

Max 1518 B




Ethernet Switching Basic

Three Switch Functions (802.1D)
Address learning
Forwarding and Filtering
Loop avoidance


Ethernet Switching Basic

The initial MAC address table is empty.

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

MAC Address Table

1

2

3





Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

3




Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

MAC Address Table

Flooding : Source MAC을학습한후에, MAC address table을보고도착한frame의Destination MAC을검색. MAC C가학습되어있지않으므로도착한frame을Port 1을제외한모든Ports로flooding (unknown unicastsare flooded).

1

2

3

DA = MAC C
SA = MAC A






Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

MAC Address Table

Station “C”replies to the switch.  Station “C”address is added to the MAC address table.

1

2

3

DA = MAC A
SA = MAC C





Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

MAC Address Table

Destination MAC lookup: Switch는MAC table을보고MAC A가Port 1을통해도달할수있음을안다.

1

2

3

DA = MAC A
SA = MAC C




Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

1

3

DA = MAC B
SA = MAC D



Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

MAC Address Table

Station “B”replies to the switch.  Station “B”address is added to the MAC address table.
Learning and Forwarding

1

3



Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

MAC Address Table

다배웠다!!!

1

2

3





Ethernet Switching Basic

MAC A =
0260.8c01.1111

MAC C =
0260.8c01.3333

MAC D =
0260.8c01.4444

1

3




Broadcast and Multicast Frames



Ethernet Switching Basic

.Switches continue to propagate broadcast traffic over and over.
.An endless loop is created by duplicate paths
.Spanning tree algorithm prevents endless loops by blocking a port, turning the loop into a “tree”configuration.

Loop Avoidance







Ethernet Switching Basic

.Spanning tree algorithm prevents endless loops by blocking a port, turning the loop into a “tree”configuration.

Loop Avoidance: STP





VLAN (Virtual LAN)

.하나의MAC Bridge 내의여러포트들을복수개의logical LAN segment로나누어Grouping 시키는기술
.각각의VLAN은별개의Broadcast domain이다.

Broadcast Domain

VLAN을도입하여Broadcast Domain을segmentation
Unknown frame이나Broadcast frame이VLAN안에서만포워딩되고다른VALN (BD)으로는전달되지않는다.
다른VLAN으로전달될때는Router (L3)를경우한다.

BD1

BD2

Unknown frame이나Broadcast frame이모든단말로Broadcast된다.
-Broadcast Storming (LAN 성능저하, normal unicastframe 대역)
-Security









VLAN

MAC A

MAC C

MAC B

1

3

DA = FFFFFF
SA = MAC A

모든Station이Broadcast Domain

DA = FFFFFF
SA = MAC A

DA = FFFFFF
SA = MAC A








VLAN

MAC A

MAC C

MAC B

1

3

DA = FFFFFF
SA = MAC A

Broadcast Domain을분리
VLAN안에서만Broadcast

DA = FFFFFF
SA = MAC A













Tagged VLAN

Tagged VLAN (802.1q)

20

10

2

3

Port-based VLAN




Tagged VLAN

Pre

dst
MAC

src
MAC

CRC

802.1q
VLAN tag

8B

6B

6B

4B

4B

Pre

dst
MAC

src
MAC

Type/
Length

CRC

8B

6B

6B

2B

4B

802.1q Frame

TPI

PriorityCFI

VLAN ID

TIF(Tag Control Information)







??????

Metro Ethernet

Ethernet LAN의MAN으로의확장
Ethernet over Dark Fiber 모델
SP: Telseon, Yipes
Korea: Dreamline(Hanaro), HiG, KT, Dacom, Thrunet
Vendors: Riverstone, Extreme, Cisco, Foundry, Nortel



Metro Ethernet Service

Internet Access Service
Transparent LAN service


Ethernet Private Line

HQ
(Company A)

BO
(Company A)

HQ
(Company B)

BO
(Company B)

Ethernet Private Line/Virtual Leased Line (P-t-P)



HQ
(Company B)

BO 3
(Company B)

TLS/VPLS (Multi-Point)

BO 2
(Company B)

BO 2
(Company A)

BO 1
(Company B)



TLS (Transparent LAN Service)

Tagged VLAN (802.1q)을이용하여Broadcast Domain을분리해줌
= 복수개의Sites간에Connectivity 제공

20

Lookup Table

10

MAC   VLAN type   VLAN ID        Port
-port-based     10                 1
-tagged           10                 3
-port-based     20                 2
-tagged           20                 3

Lookup Table

1





Frame Walk-Flow in VLAN

Lookup Table

MAC   VLAN type   VLAN ID        Port
-port-based     10                 1
-tagged           10                 3
-port-based     20                 2
-tagged           20                 3
A                                                 1

Lookup Table

(2) Broadcast Unknown frame

A sends frame to C



Frame Walk-Flow in VLAN

Lookup Table

Lookup Table

1

(3) Forwarding

(1) C responses

C responds to A



Frame Walk-Flow in VLAN

Lookup Table

Lookup Table

1







Frame Walk-Flow in VLAN

Lookup Table

Lookup Table

Unicast






Frame Walk-Flow in VLAN

Lookup Table

Lookup Table





가입자가보기에는

DA = C
SA = A

L2 Switch for Customer 1

L2 Switch for Customer 2



TLS (Transparent LAN Service)



TLS (Transparent LAN Service)

MAC
B



Service Creation at Edge

MTU

Last mile

Metro core

MTU

Last mile

4B

CRC

8B

6B

6B

4B

2B

1B

4B

4B

1B

2B

2B

CRC

2B

2B



Internet Access Service

Internet Access: See case study

Hub Node



Problem of Native L2 Approach



정리

1stGeneration Metro Ethernet
Service: Internet access, LAN interconnection
Ethernet VPN (LAN-to-LAN I/C) 제공수단
Ingress Rate Limiting/Shaping + VLAN + CoS(Classification + 802.1p marking)
BW 판매: Ingress Rate Limiting/Shaping
망복구: 802.1ad, STP, RSTP
Service coverage: Intra Metro

VLAN space limitation: 4096 VLANs(VLAN ID=12bits)
MAC address limitation
No Bandwidth reservation in metro core (end-to-end)
No traffic engineering in metro core (STP Path)
Slow restoration time (STP, RSTP, EAPS)

성공적시장집입

문제는?



MTU

MTU



Case Study: KT

ADSL

동선

100M

Access Network: Packet Network (Shared access network)



Case Study: KT



HanaroTelecom

통상적인기업용메트로이더넷액세스망구조



Dreamline


Ethernet over MPLS

VLAN의확장성한계, MAC learning 한계, QoS, BW 예약, 망복구능력등의문제에대한대안으로써Metro Ethernet에MPLS를도입함.
Ethernet over MPLS Services
1.Virtual Leased Line:
The Martini drafts address point to point connectivity only. However, this allows for offering a Virtual Leased Line (VLL) service
If multiple sites need to be connected, the provider has to provide multiple VLLs
Just like with leased line connectivity, packet switching is done by the subscriber’s equipment (the Customer Edge .CE device)
2.Virtual Private LAN Segment (Transparent LAN Services):
Provides full mesh connectivity
Connects CE equipment as if they were on the same LAN segment


Martini Draft

MPLS 망을통해ptpEthernet VPN 서비스를제공하는방안을제시
Metro Ethernet Network의Edge (LER)에서Ethernet frame을MPLS lsp로mapping
Ingress LER (PE)과Egress LER (PE)간에두개의LSP (Label Switched Path)를설정
Tunnel LSP: 두PEs간에MPLS frame을forwarding. Customer 구분없이MPLS망상에서경로만제공. ATM의VP (Virtual Path)개념. Tunnel LSP내에여러개의VC(Virtual Circuit)들이전달됨.
VC LSP: Egress LER에서Tunnel LSP로들어오는패킷들이어느가입자의패킷이며, 또어떻게처리(어느outgoing interface로포워딩해주어야하는가, 등)해주어야하는가를결정하기위해서Tunnel LSP내에VC LSP가정의된다. ATM의VC개념. (for de-multiplexing senders.). VC label은LSR에서는안보이고Egress LER에서만보인다.

Ethernet
or VLAN

Ethernet
or VLAN



End-to-end Frame Flow

Statically pre-configured
Or Dynamic signaling



VLAN ID 확장성문제해결

B

E



VLAN ID 확장성문제해결

MTU

B

C

E

VLAN ID rewrite
.Egress LER은Label을제거하여사용자가보낸Tagged Ethernet frame을꺼내이를해당port로전달한다. 이때VLAN Tag를rewrite할수있다.
.따라서, 하나의VLL의양끝의VLAN ID가달라도상관없다.  
.이로인해그림의예처럼VLAN ID Pool을충분히사용할수있다.

VLAN ID reuse
오른쪽Access Ring의VLAN 2는LSP로매핑되어LER 4로전달된다. 즉LER 2로는전달되지않는다. (B와D의broadcast domain은완전히분리된다.) 따라서, 동일한VLAN ID가서로다른access network에서재사용될수있다. VLAN ID는locally-significant만갖는다. (동일Access Ring에서는가입자별로Unique해야)



MAC address learning problem 해결



STP in large-scale metro 문제해결

STP나RSTP로복구하는경우, 가입자증가에따른Per-VLAN STP/RSTP 동작의불안성해소
복구시간의감소

MTU

B

C

E



MPLS QoS1

CE

CE

LSR (P)
.Explicit Classification (EXP bits)
.Priority queueing(Multi-queue)
and scheduling
.Tunnel Label swapping시에EXP bits는보존

Egress LER (PE2)
.VC Label의EXP bits를이용
.Priority queueing(Multi-queue)
and scheduling




MPLS QoS2

P (LSR)
.Explicit Classification (EXP bits)
.Priority queueing(Multi-queue)
and scheduling
.Tunnel Label swapping시에EXP bits는보존



MPLS QoS3



MPLS QoS4

CE

CE

Traffic-Engineered Tunnel LSPs

Label = LSP (Label Switched Path) = QoS



MPLS service

Point-to-point Service
MultiPointService


VLL Service

VLL is a more abstract entity that represents two VCs serving a certain customer. The VCs are established between two provider edge (PE)devices as one VC in the forward direction, another in backward direction.

Customer 1, Site 1

Outer
Ethernet
Header

DASA
B

A(0x0800)

L3 PDU
(IP packet)

DASA
b

a(0x8847)

E-type
la

Tunnel
bel(5)la

Customer’s original
Ethernet frame

Label stack

VLL






VLL Service

VLL Service: PTP Ethernet Connection 제공

FEC를Physical port로한경우



VLL Service

VLL Service: PTP Ethernet Connection 제공



VLL Service

VLL Service: PTP Ethernet Connection 제공

PE 3



VLL Service



TLS Service using VLL

Customer 1
Site 2

Customer 1
Site 3


VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service)

Martini-draft는Point-to-point Ethernet L2 VPN service를MPLS망상으로제공하는방법을기술
Martini-draft는Point-to-MultiPointtransport를지원하지않는다.
Ingress LER은Physical port, VLAN ID or Physical port+VLAN ID를보고해당Egress LER로라우트된VC-LSP로매핑시킨다. 즉, VC-LSP에관련된Egress LER에연관된MAC address를학습하지않는다.
Forwarding simplicity. No MAC scalability concern
VPLS란?
VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Segment): SP의MPLS or IP망상으로한Customer의여러Sites간에형성된하나의L2 Broadcast Domain
VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service)
SP가VPLS를제공해주어customer의여러Sites간에Point-to-MultiPoint통신을가능케해주는서비스.
L2 Broadcast Domain, Many-to-Many
Transparent to Customer (I.e. PE based): TLS (Transparent LAN Switching) Service라고도함.
References
Draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-02.txt, June 2002
Draft-ietf-ppvpn-vpls-requirements-00.txt, March 2002


Broadcast Domain

Broadcast Domain

VLAN을도입하여Broadcast Domain을segmentation
Unknown frame이나Broadcast frame이VLAN안에서만포워딩되고다른VALN (BD)으로는전달되지않는다.
다른VLAN으로전달될때는Router (L3)를경우한다.

BD1

BD2

Unknown frame이나Broadcast frame이모든단말로Broadcast된다.
-Broadcast Storming (LAN 성능저하, normal unicastframe 대역)
-Security

BD1

VLAN  blue에속한멤버들은마치자신들만L2 switch (a single Broadcast Domain을가진)에연결되어있다는생각한다.








Concept of VPLS service

BD1

BD2

Customer A

Customer B

Customer B

L2 Switch

이VPLS를통해PTMP Service가자연스럽게제공됨



이를위해

PE Router는per-lsp-basis로destination MAC address를학습해야한다. 그래야Site 2로보낼것인지, Site 3로보낼것인지를판단할수있다.
MAC address를학습하기위해서는Unknown frame과Broadcast frame을VPLS(Segment)에속한모든PE에게Broadcast할수있어야한다.
Frame replication at Ingress LER(PE)
Across all VC LSPsThat are part of VPLS
VPLS별로VPLS Forwarding table (VPN Identifier, LSP, MAC)를따로관리해야한다.
일단Destination MAC address가Ingress LER에서학습되면바로해당VC-LSP를통해frame을전달한다.


MAC address Learning

PE Router는unknown frame이나Broadcast frame을VPLS에속한모든Outgoing VCs상으로broadcast한다.
한VPLS내의모든PE는Full-mesh connectivity를갖는다.
PE 라우터는inbound VC-LSP상으로frame이들어오면이frame의MAC adress를학습하고이를outbound VC-LSP의연관시킨다.(등록한다)


PE Router의Source MAC address learning            



PE Router의Source MAC address learning            

M3

M1



PE Router의Source MAC address learning            



PE Router의Source MAC address learning            

M3

M2



PE Router의Source MAC address learning            

MAC2가MAC1으로frame 전달과정까지마치면, 각PE들은다음과같은Forwarding table을갖게된다.



VPLS

1.VPN에속한Sites와연결되어있는PE Router들간에VCs full-mesh를생성한다.
2.각PE Router에VPN 정보를등록한다. A VPN에속한VCs과Ethernet port or VLAN ID를하나의VPN ID로등록한다.
3.PE Router는VPN에속한MAC address(자신쪽과Egress쪽)를학습한다.
4.Source MAC address learning과정은802.1D방식으로수행되는데, 한가지차이점은Ethernet frame을받은Port 뿐만아니라Outbound VC-Label값까지학습한다는점이다.
5.초기에Unknown frame이PE 라우터로들어오면VPN에속한모든PE 라우터로Flooding하고이후Destination MAC address가학습되면해당PE로만frame을포워딩한다.
6.P 라우터는Tunnel Label을이용해Label swapping방식으로프레임을스위칭하므로MAC address learning을할필요가없다.
7.PE 라우터는모든PE에연관된MAC address를다학습하는것은아니고VPN이설정된PE에연관된MAC address만학습한다.
8.PE 라우터는통상적인L2 Switch와달리MPLS망내에서STP를돌리지않는다. 망복구는MPLS의Protection능력을이용한다.
9.1에서언급한바와같이, 하나의VPN에속한모든PE들간에는VCs이Full-mesh로생성한다. 즉, 모든PE에서다른PE 로는1HOP으로전달된다. 이때Split-Horizon forwarding rule을적용하여loop를방지한다.
10.Split-Horizon forwarding rule: VC-to-another VC 포워딩을금지


SONET: Terminal Multiplexer

1.5M PL

45M PL

1.5M PL

45M PL

155M OC-3

622M OC-3

Customer

Customer






SONET: ADM (Add/Drop Multiplexer)

D

T1

…

STS-1

T1




SONET: ADM .Dual Ring

D

Add

T1

…

OC-3

M

Common Part

Tributary Part

Outer Ring

Inner Ring

Add

T1

…

Inner Ring

STS-1 XC

Common Part

Tributary Part




TDM Leased Line Service

Inner Ring

T1

Outer Ring

Inner Ring

STS-1

T1




1

4










SONET Protection: UPSR

1

2

4



















SONET Protection: UPSR

1

2

4



















SONET Protection: UPSR

1

2

4



















SONET Protection: BLSR

1

2




















SONET Protection: BLSR

1

2




















SONET Protection: BLSR

1

2



SONET Protection: BLSR











NG-SONET

Legacy Carrier의요구사항
주수익원이Voice (POTS)이기때문에TDM Voice 서비스는계속가져가고싶다.
신생사업자들이제공하고있는Ethernet data service가파괴력이있다. 따라서, Legacy carrier도Ethernet service (가입자인터페이스가이더넷)를제공하고싶다.
기존의막대한자금을들여구축한SONET/SDH infra를활용하고싶다.
그런데, 이미구축해놓은SONET/SDH망은Data (Ethernet) 서비스를하기에비효율적이며비싼요금을받을수밖에없다.
방법
1.Dark Fiber를이용해Metro Ethernet망을새로구축한다.
2.기존의SONET을활용하되SONET을개량해효율적이면서SONET의장점인안정성이확보된Ethernet Service를제공한다. 또한Voice는그대로TDM 서비스할수있어야하며기존의SONET standard는유지해야한다.

Next Generation SONET
= “Data-Aware”SONET
= “Data-Optimized”SONET


Legacy SONET 망구조

Metro Core/
Metro Access

Long-Haul/
Metro Core

Legacy ADM/DXC



NG-SONET

Metro Core/
Metro Access

Long-Haul/
Metro Core



NG-SONET



D

OC-3

M

D

Tributary Part

SONET망의Edge에서
EoS기능을도입

Point-to-Point Ethernet Transport




EPL service: Frame Walk-Flow

Metro Core/
Metro Access

Ethernet MAC frame

SONET frame (STS-3)

Ethernet MAC frame

GFP frame

Protection
Legacy ADM은몰라도되(EoS가없어도되)

STS-1
XC





NG-SONET

2. TLS (Transparent LAN Service)



Ethernet Multiplexing using Tagged VLAN

Metro Core/
Metro Access

Ethernet MAC frame

Ethernet

A

A

Customer
A

Customer
A

STS-1
XC





여기서부터QOS의필요성이발생하기시작한다.
왜냐하면Edge NG-SONET BOX의L2 SW에서Statistical Multiplexing이발생하기때문이다.
그러나, Metro Ethernet과다른점은edge에서만QoSmanagement만하면되고SONET Transport network core에서는여전히SONET circuit망이므로Packet-level의QoSmanagement가필요없다.


TLS Service

Ethernet MAC frame

Ethernet MAC frame

A

A

Customer
A

Customer
A

Customer
A



TLS Service

Ethernet

ba

Ethernet

a







Loop Prevention: STP/RSTP

Ethernet

ba

Ethernet

a







Protection Options

Ethernet

ba

Ethernet

a

SONET
RSTP







Internet Access

3. Internet Access (via TLS over shared SONET channel)



VC and LCAS



Deployment Scenario NG-SONET

MSPP Box

Existing ADM

Legacy TDM
(DS3, OC3, OC12)

MTU

Legacy TDM Service





NG-SONET

Rate shaped to
contracted SLA

Existing ADM

NG-SONET BoX

Legacy TDM
(DS3, OC3, OC12)

MTU

MTU

NG-SONET at MTU





NG-SONET

Rate shaped to
contracted SLA

Existing ADM

NG-SONET BoX

Legacy TDM
(DS3, OC3, OC12)

NG-SONET at CO




Summary

EoSsaid [Turin. H. Zang]
Though evolved, today’s Ethernet is not a carrier-class technology
.No end-to-end quality of service mechanisms or performance monitoring
.Limited protection/restoration capabilities
.No defined models for pricing, billing and sales
New Enhancements eliminate the perceived disadvantages of traditional SONET
.Virtual Concatenation with LCAS
.Generic Framing Protocol
.Next Generation Hybrid Product Architectures
.Advanced packet-based traffic management mechanisms

RPR

Ethernet: Ring에취약
Fairness, Restoration (RSTP, EAPS)
NG SONET:
SONET circuit (STS-n)을data traffic용과Voice traffic용으로구분하고Data traffic을통계적다중화함으로써SONET 용량을효율적으로사용할수있게해줌.
TDM/SONET의한계는여전히존재
RPR (Resilient Packet Ring)
IEEE 802.17 RPRWG(dec. 2000), 표준화완료: 2003 Q1, RPRA
Resilient Packet Ring Access Protocol for use in LAN, MAN and WAN for transfer data packets at rates scalable to many gigabits per second.
RPR MAC over Ethernet phy, SONET, WDM
원형
Cisco: SRP
Nortel: iPT


RPR Features

Dual counter rotating ring:
both ring carry traffic all of the time
no reserved protection BW.
Media Independency:
OC48c/OC192c SONET/SDH
1GbE/10GbE Ethernet
Plug and play
Destination-striping of variable length unicastpackets (Spatial reuse)
Distributed BW managementand congestion control
Protectionmechanism
< 50msec
COS


Nortel’s iPT(interWANPacket Transport)

TDM
i/f

Ethernet
i/f

RPR
(Shared BW)




RPR Node Architecture



RPR MAC



RPR packet

Ethernet



RPR MAC Operations

Outer Ring

Inner Ring




RPR Ring Operations

RPR node topology table



RPR Ring Operations

FDB (Forwarding Data Base)

MAC address learning과정을통해학습

FDB



RPR Ring Operations

RPR node topology table

FDB

DA

SA

RPR node
  
Customer  MAC
RPR MAC
Port

B
2
4

C
3
1

D
4
1

E
4
4


RPR MAC
East
West
P/R
S/R

2
3
1
W
E

3
2
2
W
E

4
1
3
E
W





RPR Ring Operations

RPR node topology table

FDB

DA

SA

RPR node
  
Customer  MAC
RPR MAC
Port

B
2
4

C
3
1

D
4
1

E
4
4


RPR MAC
East
West
P/R
S/R

2
3
1
W
E

3
2
2
W
E

4
1
3
E
W





RPR Ring Operations

RPR node topology table

FDB

RPR
DA

RPR
SA

DA

SA

RPR node
  
Customer  MAC
RPR MAC
Port

B
2
4

C
3
1

D
4
1

E
4
4


RPR MAC
East
West
P/R
S/R

2
3
1
W
E

3
2
2
W
E

4
1
3
E
W






Spatial Reuse (VS. TR/FDDI)



Dual-Ring (vs. SONET)



RPR Protection

L2 Protection Switching
(not SONET Protection)

Steering





Multicasting

Ring Topology



TLS service



Transparent Domain (TD) Concept



이렇게해주기위해, 망안에선…

RPR node topology table

FDB

FDB

Pre-Configuration



FDB

MAC learning

RPR node topology table

FDB



FDB

이렇게해주기위해, 망안에선…

RPR node topology table

FDB

FDB

Pre-Configuration

(1) B responses to A



FDB

일단학습후엔Unicast, not flooding

RPR node topology table

FDB

Pre-Configuration

FDB



FDB

몇번의frame이오가면…

RPR node topology table

FDB

FDB



FDB

LAN segment (BD)가형성됨

RPR node topology table

FDB

FDB



TLS 구현됨



Case Study

WorldCom
AT&T
KDDI


WorldCom

WorldCom Ethernet Services
Metro Private Line Point to Point ***
Metro Private Line Multi Point
WAN Private Line Point to Point ***
WAN Private Line Multi Point
Metro Enterprise Ethernet Point to Point
Metro Enterprise Ethernet Multi Point
WAN Enterprise Ethernet Point to Point
WAN Enterprise Ethernet Multi Point
Internet Access Tiered ***
Internet Access Burstable***
*** Defined and Deployed
Internet access
1,2,3,4,5,10,20,30,40,50,100,200,300,400,500,1000Mbps



Aggregation POP
with Internet POP

Gigabit Trunk to
Gateway Router
From OC-48 OPE

Aggregation POP

OPE



WorldCom(1): Internet Access Service

VLANspass through OPE Gig Trunk
to Gateway Router
VLAN 10 = CustA
VLAN 20 = CustB
VLAN 30 = CustC

Gigabit Trunk to
Gateway Router
From OC-48 OPE



WorldCom(2): Ethernet Private Line Service

Aggregation POP
with Internet POP



WorldCom(3): Ethernet Private Line Service

RPR mapped to STS

MultiPointEthernet Private Line



Metro Ethernet Market Forecast


Business Background

통신사업환경의변화: 비즈니스경계의파괴
Satellite DBS service
MSO’sTriple play service
Telco Video Services의필요성
Competition with MSO
ARPU 증대
Increase demand for faster/higher access service (A/VDSL, Ethernet, FTTH)
How can Telcosbuild the Full Service Network (FSN) ?
Technically ?
Economically ?
Challenges and Solutions (End-to-end Solution)
Access BW: Broadband Access Network (ADSL, VDSL, Ethernet, FTTH), QoS
Video Transport Network: NG-Metro Network (GbE/10GbE, RPR, DWDM), QoS
Telco HeadendTechnologies: Media-to-IP, VoDserver Stream당cost의하락
Residential (CPE): IP-aware STB required
IP DSL STB / Home Gateway
국내외Telco Video Service 현황


통신사업환경의변화: 비즈니스경계의파괴



Satellite Digital TV



Cable Operators

Cable passes 97% of the 105 M homes in US
Take-rate for basic broadcast TV is 68%
MSOshave been aggressively consolidating
Comcast/AT&T BB @ 22 M subscribers
AOL/Time-Warner @ 13 M subscribers
Charter @ 7 M subscribers
Cox @ 6 M subscribers
MSOsspent $50 B upgrading networks since 1996
Increases network bandwidth to 750 MHz
Adds 200+ digital channels to 80 channel analog offering
Drives fiber to down to 500 homes (as few as 150 homes)
Enables two-way capability for Internet access & telephony


MSO’s“Triple-Play”Service

Triple Play in MSO
Video: Broadcast TV, VoD, PPV, HDTV
High-Speed Internet: Cable Modem (DOCSIS1.1/2.0)
Voice: Cable Telephony, VoIP
a one-stop shop for voice, video and data.
Goldman Sachs forecasts that by 2007, 20 percent of a MSO\'srevenue will come from telephony.





Example Full-Service Bundle

40% of households “somewhat/very interested”in FS bundles
MSOsexpect ~$100/m from bundled customer
May ultimately trigger permanentdisconnect of Telco

Source: VideoTele.com, Yankee Group, CahnersIn-Stat, ChibardunTelephone Cooperative



Telco Video Drivers

MSO의“Bundled Triple Play”service로인해Telco의주수익원인Voice 시장잠식
May ultimately trigger permanent disconnect of Telco
가입자이탈방지

기존의Access망과최소한의투자를통해단일망으로“Triple Play”service를제공함으로써ARPU (Average Rate Per User)의증대





Competition with MSO

Competition Heats Up for BundledServices:
TelcosMissing Key ~ TV Delivery Component





Increase ARPU

Many Revenue Opportunities for Telcos





How can Telcosbuild the Full Service Network (FSN) ?

Customer Premise



Key Enablers

MPEG2 Compression Standard
SDTV @ 2.5 Mbps & HDTV @ 19 Mbps
Internet Protocol
Low cost packet networks & equipment
FSAN Initiative
Telco equipment interoperability forum for Fiber & VDSL access networks
In-Home Digital Entertainment/Computer/Telecom Convergence
Low cost/high functionality (e.g. MoxiMedia Center)
Video Middleware Application Service Providers (ASPs)
Video interface/interactive program guide, back-end operations & end-end systems integration (e.g. iMagicTV)
New Content Sources
Aggregators, wholesalers & cooperatives
VDSL Standard
Up to 52 Mbps toward home asymmetric (or 13 Mbps symmetric) overclean twisted pairs


Service

Broadcast TV Service
HDTV Service
VoDService
TV Portal/Web on TV
TV Portal ->
Internet on TV
E-Mail on TV
Broadcast TV
VoD



Broadcast TV
VoD
2 Video
1 Video + 1 PC
2 Video + 2 PC
PVR
DVD
Wireless


Service Scenario: Broadcast TV (1)

Customer Premise

Head-End



Service Scenario: Broadcast TV (2)

Video-On-Scheduled
Broadcast channels (up to 250 ~ 500 channels)
Broadcast TV Service Portfolio
Basic Program (월정액)
Premium Program(월정액): HBO, ESTN, Playboy
Pay-Per-View: Selected Movies or Special events(e.g., Sports) ~ Buy timewindow
Near VoD(End users have no VOD control)
Video Quality
SDTV: 2.5 Mbps
HDTV: 19.2 Mbps
Requirements
Program 선택: EPG
IP Multicast: IGMP(AN), PIM (VTN)
Channel Switching: IGMP
가입자/채널인증: Premium channel에대한가입자인증
PPV 과금
BW
SDTV: ADSL
HDTV: VDSL, Ethernet, FTTH

Program Guide (iMagicTV)



Service Scenario: Broadcast TV (3)

Req. MBC
(req. to join MBS multicast group)

DSL

MBC
Programming



Service Scenario: Broadcast TV (4)

Req. HBO
(leave MBC MG and req. to join HBO MG)

DSL

MBC

HBO



Customer Premise

DSLAM

Network Stack: DSL Subscribers

Video
“bearer”path

10/100BT

Video
control path

Core software and configuration download at boot time, automaticIPG updates









Customer Premise

Network Stack: Ethernet Subscribers

Video
“bearer”path

Video
control path

Core software and configuration download at boot time, automaticIPG updates







Service Scenario: VoD(1)

Customer Premise

Head-End



Service Scenario: VoD(2)

DSL

DSLAM

Accounting
(Credit Card)



Service Scenario: VoD(3)

DSL

DSLAM







This is Tori Welles at her absolute best - The classic finale from the film Night Trips - A not so little preview of this great








Service Scenario: VoD(4)

DSL

DSLAM



Service Scenario: VoD(2)

Video-On-Demand: UnicastStreaming
VoDtype
PPV VoD
SVoD
Video Quality
SDTV: 2.5 Mbps
HDTV: 19.2 Mbps
Requirements
End user must have VCR-like control
Program 선택: EGP
IP Multicast: IGMP, PIM
Channel Switching: IGMP
가입자/채널인증: Premium channel에대한가입자인증
PPV 과금
BW
SDTV: ADSL
HDTV: VDSL, Ethernet, FTTH


Requirements vs. Key Enabling Tech.

End-to-end Availability of big pipes: Access and Transport Networks
Access Network:
Transport Network:
End-to-end Network Latency for delivery < 0.5 ~1.0 sec.
IP QoSenabled Network: Low latency, Low jitter and Low loss
Effective IP Multicast
Channel switching < 1 sec.
Optimization of Transport Network Bandwidth
Video Compression (MPEG-2/4)
Video Middleware Application Service Providers (ASPs)
Video interface/interactive program guide, back-end operations & end-end systems integration (e.g. iMagicTV)
For VoDService, “VCR-like”control is required
Multi-Appliance Environment: Service Routing Features
Distribution of Contents at the Edge
Ease of Customer Provisioning
Low cost per End user Port


End-to-End Availability of Big Pipes

Customer Premise

Access

Transport



IP QoSenabled Network

VoDservers

TV middleware
Server

TV middleware
Server

Customer Premise

Head-End




IP Multicast

What is Important
Multicast is a key component to the delivery of broadcast television over DSL by enabling the replication of video flows within the DSLAM.If multiple subscribers on the DSLAM are receiving the same content, for example a specific TV channel, only a single stream of that channel needs to be delivered to the DSLAM. The multicast function replicates the stream and sends it to all users who have requested it. This replication can save significant bandwidthon the back haul network, particularly as the number of video subscribers increases.
On a system with 200 users, 500 channels, 80% will be watching the same six channels


Effective IP Multicast

Customer Premise

Head-End



Effective IP Multicast

Customer Premise

Head-End



Channel Switching

Router

DSL

Authentication for MBC

DSLAM이Multicast 능력이있고DSLAM까지모든Broadcast channel이Broadcast되어오는경우를가정



Network Element Requirements

Segment
Requirement

B-TV Headend
CP/P로부터들어오는방송신호를MPEG2/4 encoding하고이를IP에태우기위해IP encapsulation하는기능이필요.
(the system gathers uncompressed and compressed video feeds from video serves, satellites, and local basebandreceivers.  It then descrambles, demultiplexes, and decodes them, as necessary, and formats and encodes the signals in the proper protocol.  A service provider wil have one headendserving many MDUs. )
B-TV packet을TN으로유입시키는지점에서QoSmarking (Diff-serv, 802.1p)이필수적이다.
MPEG encoder, IP Encapsulator

VoDHeadend
VoDserve의stream당cost가$이내로제공되어야한다.
VoDpacket을TN이나Access Network으로유입시키는지점에서QoSmarking (Diff-serv, 802.1p)이필수적이다.
VCR-like VoDcontrol이제공되어야.
인증및가입자관리서버: VoD서비스가입자인증, NVoD의경우채널인증

Transport Network
Key: Big BW, Cost, QoS, Multicasting, Resiliency
VoD서비스의경우Local CO에VoDserve를두면Metro distribution/core에대역폭요구를상당히경감시켜줄수있다. 그러나, 이경우모든Local CO에많은수의서버가필요하므로최근Title 50개정도는Local CO에두고나머지는Centralized VoDHE에두는것이바람직하다. 이경우VoD트래픽도메트로대역폭을사용한다.
B-TV 서비스의경우, 이는Broadcast 트래픽이므로TN내에서멀티캐스팅이지원되어야한다. 멀티캐스팅이지원되고100채널(@4.2Mbps)을서비스하는경우, 420Mbps의메트로대역폭이상시사용된다.
VTN와IAN의통합또는분리: 통합시에는인터넷트래픽에대해Video 트래픽을분리하여차별화된서비스(CoS)를반드시제공해야한다.
Video session에대한BW보장은ftp처럼공정한공유(fair-share)가미덕이아니며망의혼잡상태와상관없이그session의BW를절대보장해주는것이요구된다. 이는Transport network상에서Video 트래픽을위한적절한BW-provisoning과각장비에서의정교한scheduling기능을통해이루어낼수있다. [이요구사항은TN, AN, MDU에공통으로적용된다.]

Access Network
CO와MDU간은Fiber기반, GbE, RPR 등이적합
Access Node: MDU-TP 서비스를위해서MDU uplink는최소한1 Gbps이상의용량을가져야한다. B-TV(100CH@4.2Mbps)의경우420Mbps, VoD(50CH@4.2Mbps)의경우210Mbps, NVoD(5CH@4.2Mbps)의경우21Mbps의대역폭이요구되며이들의합은651Mbps이다. 여기에인터넷액세스를위한대역폭도필요하므로1Gbps 이상의Uplink가필요하다. 또한비디오와인터넷트래픽이공존하므로Video 트래픽에Strict delay-priority를제공해주는CoS가필수적이다.
Resiliency를위해2개의GbEuplink port를두거나RPR을적용하는것이바람직하다.

MDU: Ethernet Network
BW
QoS
Security
IP 주소할당
Fast Channel switching (IP multicasting (IGMP)

MDU: DSL Network
BW
QoS
Security
IP주소할당



Network Element Requirements

Segment
Requirement

CPE/STB
VCR-like VoDcontrol /  Fast channel switching /  EPG/iTV/  One STB, two CH or one STB, one CH
A picture of an ideal STB
A range of products that target each operator\'s business model optimaly
Product variants based on the same architecture to allow operators to add multiple variants within the same network or even thesame home based on individual consumer needs.
Support for \'basic\' services such as VOD but also advanced services such as gaming, time-shift TV and PVR, video telephony, enhanced messaging and home networking
Support for multiple simultaneous revenue generating services
Support for low-bit-rate video such as MPEG-4
Allows software features and services to be downloaded by the operator
Can be instaled by the consumer
A high-speed processor that wil perform well for years
Support for home networking to alow services to be delivered easily around the home
Low cost!

Software (Management/
Control)
가입자인증, 채널인증, 과금/  End-to-end visiblty and control
1. Service Administration
The service adminstration system allows service providers to define and configure client programing packages and customer pofiles, as well as integrate with existing systems such as billing and operational systems. It also enables service providers to define service regions, classes of service and customized channel or program lineups. A subscriber povisioning service manages
customer accounts and related activites and enables:
.Accounts to represent more than one subscriber
.Subscribers to have more than one STB
.Subscribers to be assigned to a geographic area
.Subscribers to store channel criteria and password
.Service providers to store billing dat
.Subscribers to be assigned a defined class of service
The channel packaging feature alows the service provider to offer subscribers flexible packages to meet market opportunities and business objectives. This includes the ability to offer an unlimited number of channels, create packages and assign pricing to channel packages and pay per view programming.
2. Operations
The operations component provides the services and software required to distrbute and manage digtal television programing andIPG information. The Interactive Program Guide data import and IPG multicast servicesmanage the collection and provisioning of programming data and distribution tohe subscribers. Updates of the IPG data are multicast continuously as they take place. Connect services distrbute and manage the client profiles that enable subscriber access to broadcast service resources, including the management of client profiles composed of aboot image, network addresses, software patches, persistent storage, client and client mask. Headendcontent management service gives service providers the capability to configure and automate changes required in regular pogramlineups. This includes the assignment of content to data streamsand channel numbers. It also works with third party solutions that deliver simulcast, blackouts, program substituton, emergency broadcast and backup of content streams.  The event collection service collects al events generated by the distrbution services, including collection of events from the client and back-end system events and alarm counter monitorng events for exceeded thresholds.
.Remote diagnostics and cold start of STB
.Provides ability to remotely comunicate with a client device using SNMP protocol
.Used for diagnosing a client device
.Uses adminstration interface to provide diagnostic functions such as:
.Viewing curent status
.Viewing key indicators (ignal quality)
.Pinging the client device
.Remotely restarting the client device
3. Set-top Client
The Set-top Client supports a STB and television combination. This can include an intuitive IPG (Interactive Program Guide) for viewing curent and future programinginformationandforpayper-viewselectionsItalsoincludesinformationbannersthatprovidedetailedprograminformationwhenanewchannelis



Leading Vendors for Telco TP Solution

Video Headend

Transport

Access

STB, H/G

TV middleware

DRM/CA

Irdetoaccess
NDS
Intertrust
ContentGuide
Nagra
Powerkey
CrptoWorks

VoDserver

Sun

DSL

Ethernet

Cisco Systems, Inc., Empowering the Internet Generation (SM)










Nortel Networks
Juniper Networks Home

Telco Video Service Providers: N.A.

SP
Country
Trial/Service
Service
Service Price
Subscribers

BCE
(http://ww.bce.ca/)
Canada
Trial
단일Home appliance로세가지서비스를제공예정: Conventional Phone service (BC) + ADSL Internet + Satellite TV (Bell ExpressVu\'s240+ channels)

CAliant(http://ww.aliant.ca/)
anada
Service(ADSL)
-Broadcast TV : 145 channels-PPV(NVoD): 19 channels-MoD: 30 channels-HSIA: ADSL-Phone:POTS

SaskTel(http://ww.sasktel.com/)
Canada
Service(ADSL)
Initial bundled offering with 200 broadcast TV channels + audio channels + Internet on TV and PC

Livingston
(http://ww.livingston.net/)
Se(ADSUSA(Rural Telco)
rviceL)
-Broadcast TV: 43 channels-HSIA: ADSL-Phone: POTS

Hory Telephone
USA(Rural Telco)

Champaign Telephone
USA (Rural Telco)
Service
(ADSL)
-Broadcast TV: 172 channels
-PV: 6 channels-HSIA: ADSL-Phone: POTS

Horizon Telcom
Service

UQwest (http://ww.qwest.com/vdsl/)
SeSA (RBOC)
rvice in Phoenix, Douglas County(VDSL)
Through one single phone line,-Broadcast TV: 250 channels-HSIA: VDSL-Phone: POTSVDSL Video customers: 500,000 (March 2002)

SBC (http://www.sbc.com/)
USA(RBOC)
Bundled service = SBC(DSL Internet access)+ EchoStar(DISHNET Satellite Digital TV) 출시발표(4/7/2002)

Verizon
USA(RBOC)

EarthLink(http://ww.earthlink.net/)
USA
Bundled service = EarthLink(DSL Internet access) + Echostar(DISHNET



Telco Video Service Providers: N.A.

SP
Headend
Transport
Access
CPE
TV M/W

BCE
(http://ww.bce.ca/)

Aliant(http://ww.aliant.ca/)
MPEG2 endcoder: 2.5Mbps/channel
ATM: Alcatel7670 MSP
DSLAM: AlcatelASAM 7350
IP STB: Motorola의DSL-based Streamaster5000 digital STB
iMagicTV

1-2 chaSaskTel(http://ww.sasktel.com/)
nels MPEG2 encode video per subscriber at 2.5Mbps/channel
DSLAM: LucentStinger (IP2000)-ADSL deployment using Stinger RT in field and LS in CO -GbEback haul for video, ATM OC-3 for Internet
IP STB: Pace의DSL 4000
iMagicTV

Livingston
(http://ww.livingston.net/)
Video servers: Minerva
Riverstone(Ethernet over Dark Fiber)
DSLAM: AFC
Pace
Myrio

Horry Telephone
ATM: MaMPEG2 encoder: VideTele.com\'sAstriaDTE
rconi
-CO: NLC\'s BDT-Cabinet(DSLAM) : NLC\'s USAM
NLC\'s N3 Residential G/W (3 TV channels+ 1 Ethernet for PC)

Champaign Telephone
-Endcoder: VideTele.com
DHE solution
-VoDserver: nCuben4
DSLAM: AlcatelASM 7350 with integrated IGMP multicast router
Fujitsu-Siemens Activity 300
Myrio

Horizon Telcom
VideTele.com
NLC
NLC

Qwest (http://ww.qwest.com/vdsl/)
NLC
NLC

SBC (http://ww.sbc.com/)

Verizon

EarthLink(http://ww.earthlink.net/)



Telco Video Service Providers: Europe

SP
Country
Trial/Service
Service
Subscribers
Headend
Transport
Access
CPE
TV M/W

NorwTelenor(http://ww.telenor.com/)
ay
Trial (VDSL)
2000년9월부터750 customer를대상으로Trial (VDSL)

Kingston
UK
Service(ADSL)
-Broadcast TV: 60 chanels (EPG)-VoD: Full DVD control, 2500 hours of Contents-Internet-Phone
IP STB: PaceDSL 3875/40
iMagicDTVM EPG control

Video Networks
UK
Service
Home Choice Service = VoDservice (2.3Mbps)
BT의access line임대사용($21/month)
Home Choice: 15,000

Telefonia
Spain
Trial
-HSIA (256Kbps) on TV and PC-Broadcast TV: 22 chanels-VoDon TV (200 titles)-News/Music on demand (TV and PC)
4~5 Mbps/channel
자체개발: EPG, T-wev, T-mail

TelekomAustria
TriaAustria (icumbent)
l
MPEG1 encoder (2Mbps/channel)
Alcatel7411 BRAS

ItalyTelecom Italia
200터(AD (icumbentcarrier)
1년중순부TrialSL)
-Broadcast TV : 23 channels-Web browsing on TV (T-web)-HSIA(PC): ADSL
MPEG2 encoder (4Mbps/channel)
Alcatel 7411 BRAS
DSLAM: AlcatelASAM 7300 (Uplink: 155M)

FastWeb
(http://ww.fastweb.it/)
Italy
Service(Ethernet)
-Broadcast TV, VoD-VoIP
IP STCisco Catalyst 3524/6500
P: EsseGi\'sWeb.DVD





Case Study (1)
Livingston Telephone Company

Livingston Telephone Company (Texas기반의Rural Telco): AFC, Pace, Riverstone, Myrio, VideoTele의Solution으로TP 망을구축하고올해5월부터서비스개시. 43CH의방송서비스와전화, 인터넷(ADSL) 서비스를single DSL line으로제공중.



Case Study (1)
Livingston Telephone Company



Case Study (2): Qwest

Through one single phone line,
Broadcast TV: 250 channels
HSIA: VDSL
Phone: POTS
VDSL Video customers: 500,000 (March 2002)
Service in Phoenix, Douglas County
Minimum Bundled Bill = $87.40 for DSL High Speed Internet service, Local Telephony and Broadcast TV




Telco IP Video Market Forecast








Summary



TLS Service

Metro Ethernet Market에서경합하는기술들: EoDF, EoMPLS, EoVPLS, EoS, EoRPR
이들이제공하고자하는서비스: TLS (VPLS) Service, Internet Access Service
어떻게제공해주나?

어느것이더좋은가?




Thank You

Jangwoo Son
President of Netmanias
son@netmanias.com