Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술

2005년11월20일
NMC Consulting Group(tech@netmanias.com)

2
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
QoS Technology: End-to-End QoS

3
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
End-to-end QoS View
smb600
smb600
SER
L2 SW
Modem/Hub/Router
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그림3
그림3
그림3
그림5 copy
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
smb600
L3 SW
전송망(SDH/DWDM)
Best-Effort IP Networks
Premium IP Networks
(MPLS)
ax500
그림5 copy
IP VDSL
ATM ADSL
DSLAM
ATM SW
L3
SW
ont
IP ADSL2+
DSLAM
L3
SW
OLT
CO
CO
Apart
POP
POP
155Mbps
45Mbps
GE
GE
FE
FE
ONT
ONU
onu
GE
GE
GE
GE
onu
ont
smb600
image3225
image3225
OLT사진
OLT사진
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
그림5 copy
그림5 copy
그림5 copy
FE
그림9
n4server
Live
Encoder
VoD
Streaming Server
GE
GE
C
C
E
E
그림10 copy
그림10 copy
R
R
그림5 copy
smb600
smb600
Home
1107378_L1
그림15
그림11 copy
IP STB
videophone
Home Network
그림5 copy
그림5 copy
50Mbps/20Mbps/10Mbps
50Mbps/20Mbps/10Mbps
GE
25Mbps
8Mbps/4Mbps
(500Kbps)
Curb
Curb
Curb
Apart
Apart
Apart
CO
CO
Enterprise
ER
GE
GE
FE
FE
GE
FE
CPE(L3)
L3
L3
1107378_L1
그림15
그림11 copy
IP STB
videophone
smb600
smb600
smb600
smb600
smb600
smb600
Home Network
CO
R
그림3
그림3
그림3
cisco6509
그림4 copy
그림3
그림3
그림4 copy
L3
MTU
front_angled_newmask1
L3
MTU
그림3
그림3
그림3
그림3
그림3
cisco6509
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
ER
CO
POP
POP
R
front_angled_newmask1
Enterprise
First Mile
(Customer Aggregation)
Second Mile
Edge
Core
rs38000
rs38000
rs38000
rs38000
rs38000
MPLS QoS
or DiffServ
or Circuit
DiffServ
802.1p
TR-59
DiffServ
(ATM QoS)

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
IP QoS
…
Per-flow State
MF
Classifier
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Daemon
Routing
Protocol
Daemon
RSVP
RSVP
Data
Packet
…
Per-flow State
MF
Classifier
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
RSVP
…
Per-flow State
MF
Classifier
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
Per-flow state
MF
Classifier
-> TC
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
Data
Packet
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
No per-flow state
Data
Packet
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
Best Effort
IntServ
DiffServ

5
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
IntServ
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Daemon
Routing
Protocol
Process
RSVP
RSVP
Data
Packet
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
RSVP
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
RSVP
RSVP
Data
Packet
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
RSVP
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
RSVP PATH
RSVP RESV
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
RSVP: Resource Reservation, Admission Control

6
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
IntServ
RSVP
RSVP
Data
Packet
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
RSVP
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
…
Per-flow State
Clas.
Sched.
flow 1
flow 2
flow n
Admission
Controller
RSVP
Process
Routing
Protocol
Process
Stateful Solution Complexity
.Data path
.Per-flow classification
.Per-flow buffer management
.Per-flow scheduling
.Control path
.Install and maintain per-flow state for data and control paths

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
DiffServ
MF
Classifier
-> TC
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
Data
Packet
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
No per-flow state
.Default PHB
.Best-effort service
.DSCP = TOS = 0
.EF (Expedited Forwarding) PHB
.Low delay, low loss, low latency, low jitter
.Top priority-traffic (preemption)
.VLL (Virtual Lease Line) service
.DSCP = 46 = 0x2E = 0b101110 (TOS = 184 = 0xB8 = 0b10111000)
.AF (Assured Forwarding) PHB
.3개의Drop precedence 갖는4개의class로구성
.congestion상황에서도drop level을차별화해서minimum rate를보장
Drop Precedence
Class #1
Class #2
Class #3
Class #4

Low drop precedence
AF11 (0b001 010)
AF21 (0b010 010)
AF31 (0b011 010)
AF41 (0b100 010)

Medium drop precedence
AF12 (0b001 100)
AF22 (0b001 100)
AF32 (0b001 100)
AF42 (0b001 100)

High drop precedence
AF13 (0b001 110)
AF23 (0b001 110)
AF33 (0b001 110)
AF43 (0b001 110)


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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
End-to-end QoS Guarantee
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
MF
Classifier
-> TC
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
Data
Packet
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
DiffServ: Relative Priority

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
End-to-end QoS Guarantee
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
MF
Classifier
-> TC
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
DataPacket
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
DiffServ: Relative Priority →Do not provide end-to-end QoS guarantee→ EF packet만존재하는상황이면BE와동일함.

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
End-to-end QoS Guarantee
1107378_L1
1107378_L1
MF
Classifier
-> TC
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
3. Data
Packet
Transfer
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
BA
Classifier
Sched.
EF
AF 1
BE
DiffServ: Relative Priority →Do not provide end-to-end QoS guarantee
Admission Control 기능의도입
Strict Priority를제공하되Network 자원이QoS를제공할수있을만큼남아있을때만flow의유입을허용
Bandwidth Broker
1. Query
2. Confirm

11
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MPLS QoS : DiffServ over MPLS
DSCP
IP Access Network
IP Backbone Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
IP Access Network
MPLS Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
IP Packet
DSCP
IP Packet
DiffServ
DiffServ
Over MPLS
Backbone이MPLS로바뀌면어떻게할것인가?
MPLS router는MPLS header만보고Label swapping방식으로Packet을Forwarding하므로IP packet header의DSCP bit을보지못한다.
그렇다면End-to-end IP QoS를어떻게지원할것인가? (즉, MPLS망에서IP QoS (DiffServ)를어떻게지원할것인가)
방법은두가지가있다.
MPLS Header

12
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MPLS망에서IP QoS (DiffServ)를어떻게지원할것인가?(MPLS router가DSCP값을어떻게인식할것인가?)
IP Access Network
MPLS Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
EF
BE
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
BA-PC
MPLS Header
DSCP
IP Packet
DiffServ
Over MPLS
EF
BE
.MPLS header의Label 값으로QoS 등급을인식하는방법(L-LSP)
.LSP 자체가QoS 등급을가짐
.ATM VCC와동일한개념
.MPLS header의EXP bit값으로QoS 등급을인식하는방법(E-LSP)
.하나의LSP내에QoS 등급이다른Packet들이함께전달되고QoS 등급은EXP bit로구분함.

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MPLS E-LSP
IP Access Network
MPLS Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
EF
BE
MF-PC
MPLS Header
DSCP
101110
IP Packet
EF
BE
MPLS header의EXP bit값으로QoS 등급을인식하는방법(E-LSP).하나의LSP내에QoS 등급이다른, 즉EF packet과BE packet이함께전달되고QoS 등급은MPLS header의EXP bit로구분함.
.MPLS router는도착한frame의EXP bit를보고Queue (EF, AF or BE?)를결정함.
.MPLS 망내에서8개의QoS 등급만정의가능함. (EXP 필드가3 bit이므로)
EF
BE
EXP
101
MPLS frame
IP Packet
DSCP
101110
DSCP bit를EXP bit로Copy 또는Mapping함.
LSP (Single Label, Same Path)

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MPLS E-LSP
IP Access Network
MPLS Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
EF
BE
LSP (Single Label, Same Path)
End-to-end IP QoS (End-to-end DiffServ)
Diffserv over MPLS
Diffserv
Diffserv

15
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MPLS L-LSP
IP Access Network
MPLS Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
MF-PC
MPLS Header
DSCP
101110
IP Packet
EF
BE
MPLS header의Label 값으로QoS 등급을인식하는방법(L-LSP).LSP 자체가QoS 등급을가짐
.ATM VCC와동일한개념
.EF traffic과BE traffic은서로다른LSP를통해전달되며router내에서서로다른queue에저장됨.
.MPLS router는도착한frame의Label값을보고Queue (EF, AF or BE?)를결정함.
.MPLS망내에서8개이상, 64개이상(무한대의) QoS 등급을정의할수있음.
Label
xyz
MPLS frame
IP Packet
DSCP
101110
DSCP bit를참조하여이QoS 등급에해당하는LSP를선택함.
LSP 1 (EF LSP)
LSP 2 (BE LSP)

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MPLS L-LSP
End-to-end IP QoS (End-to-end DiffServ)
Diffserv over MPLS
Diffserv
Diffserv
IP Access Network
MPLS Network
IP Access Network
DiffServ
DiffServ
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
MF-PC
EF
BE
LSP 1 (EF LSP)
LSP 2 (BE LSP)

17
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Problem Description

18
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
NG BRAS의도입

19
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
MMoIP
SER
N-SW
DSLAM
4xG
12xG
100M/
200M
L3 SW
그림5 copy
그림5 copy
1G
Shared IP Access Network
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
GW Router
Premium
IP core
(IP/MPLS)
PE
BE IP Core
(KORNET)
4xG
4xG
GSR
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
혜화
구로
10G
10G
10G
L2SW
Encoder
그림9
그림9
ICM
ICM
L4SW
Servers
IP-TV Headend(여의도)
RP
RP
Anycast RP
H.264
SD: 2Mbps
HD: 6~8Mbps
VoD
Public Internet
KIX
KT IDC
KT IDC
alpine3808
SER
N-SW
DSLAM
4xG
12xG
100M/
200M
L3 SW
그림5 copy
그림5 copy
1107378_L1
videophone
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
그림5 copy
1G
HOME
RG
Shared IP Access Network
4xG
4xG
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
그림4 copy
MMoIP
STB
PC
VoD
alpine3808
그림10 copy
그림10 copy
DSLAM (L2+)이source IP를보고marking
(Premium IP, Kornet IP)
PBR (srcIP)
.Premium 단말(STB)는Premium IP address를DHCP로할당받음
.PC는Kornet IP address를DHCP로할당받음.
.미리Premium 단말의MAC을DHCP server에설정
.Traffic 분리: N-SW에서PBR (srcIP기반)
1107378_L1
videophone
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
HOME
RG
MMoIP
STB
PC
1107378_L1
videophone
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
RG
MMoIP
STB
PC
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
Modem
PC
1107378_L1
그림5 copy
srcIP
-
802.1p
-
DSCP
srcIP
5
802.1p
EF
DSCP
srcIP
5
EXP
EF
DSCP
srcIP
5
802.1p
EF
DSCP
Untrusted Network
802.1p/DiffServ
Network
MPLS E-LSP Network
802.1p/DiffServ
Network

20
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
VoD/IP-TV (1): Distributed QoS Control
50M VDSL, FES+, FTTH 가입자: Distributed QoS (DiffServ)
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
GW Router
Premium IP core
(IP/MPLS)
PE
BE IP Core
(KORNET)
4xG
GSR
혜화
구로
10G
10G
10G
Public Internet
KIX
KT IDC
KT IDC
4xG
4xG
N-SW
1G
CO
1107378_L1
videophone
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
Premium
Subscriber
RG
MMoIP
STB
PC
1107378_L1
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
MD
PC
Kornet
Subscriber
SER
50M
FES+
OLT
ONU
RG
MD
RG
MD
RG
RG
Full Line Rate
L2SW
Encoder
그림9
그림9
ICM
ICM
L4SW
Servers
IP-TV Headend (여의도)
RP
RP
Anycast RP
H.264
SD: 2Mbps
HD: 6~8Mbps
3
802.1p
AF
DSCP
3
EXP
AF
DSCP
MPLS E-LSP Network
802.1p/DiffServ Network
Trust Network

21
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
VoD/IP-TV (2): Centralized QoS Control
13M/20M VDSL 가입자: Centralized QoS (Hierarchical Scheduling at SER)
PE
GW Router
Premium core
(IP or OXC)
BE IP Core
(KORNET)
GSR
혜화
구로
10G
10G
10G
Public Internet
KIX
KT IDC
KT IDC
4xG
4xG
SER
N-SW
12xG
1G
CO
1107378_L1
videophone
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
Premium
Subscriber
RG
MMoIP
STB
PC
1107378_L1
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
MD
PC
Kornet
Subscriber
Home
1001
Home
1400
POP
13/20M
L3 SW
RG
MD
IP-TV, XoD
Full Line Rate
13M
Internet 4Mbps
IP-TV
-2Mbps (SD H.264)
-6~8 Mbps (HD H.264)
20M
Internet 4Mbps
IP-TV
-2Mbps (SD H.264)
-6~8 Mbps (HD H.264)
DSLAM의VDSL port에서queueing이발생하지않음
DSLAM의VDSL port (Downstream)
인증시Internet Downstream BW Policy Provisioning: 4Mbps Shaping
Multicast queue
4Mbps
6Mbps
.Internet 4M/4M subscribers: 1,800,000
.4M 가입자(13M/20M VDSL DSLAM 접속자)는DSLAM만QoS가보장안됨. 그러나SER에서가입자별큐잉및Shaping을지원하므로Hierarchical Scheduling이가능하여IP-TV, XoD의QoS가보장됨. (기존가입자도QoS 보장형IP-TV 서비스가능)

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Streaming Application
그림15
그림11 copy
dv100
4 Mbps
Time
Packets #
Packet
generation
Packet
arrive
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
Jitter
Buffer
Delay/Latency
Prob.
min
Ex. 200msec
Delay Variation
4 Mbps
4 Mbps
Time
Packets #
Packet
generation
Packet
arrive
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
4 Mbps
4 Mbps
Encoding
Decoding
MPEG2
RTP
UDP
(null)
IP
MPEG2
RTP
UDP
(null)
IP
Network
Sender
Receiver

23
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Playback Buffer
Time
Packet
generation
Packet
arrive
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
Jitter
Buffer
4 Mbps
4 Mbps
Time
Packet
generation
Packet
arrive
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
Jitter
Buffer
4 Mbps
4 Mbps
Time
Packets #
Packet
generation
Packet
arrive
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
Jitter
Buffer
4 Mbps
4 Mbps
Packets #
Packets #
그림15
Decoding
그림15
Decoding
500msec
5 sec
4 Mbps
.VoD (O)
.Broadcast TV (X)
.Conversation VideoPhone (X)
Jitter
Buffer
Under-runs

24
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Differentiated QoS
그림15
그림11 copy
dv100
4 Mbps
Encoding
Decoding
MPEG2
RTP
UDP
(null)
IP
MPEG2
RTP
UDP
(null)
IP
Network
Sender
Receiver
Packets #
Packet
generation
Video
Packet
Arrive
(No QoS)
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
Video
Packet
Arrive
(QoS)
Time
Packets #
Packetgeneration
Data
Playback
(application)
Network
delay
Video
Time

25
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
IP-TV vs. VoD
1) IP-TV service is multicast and VoD is unicast
Since IP-TV service is multicast, all the subscribers under a congested link experience QoS degradation when packet loss, delay and/or jitter happen at the link. Therefore, IP-TV packets must have higher priority than VoD packets.
2) IP-TV channel zapping and VoD jitter buffer
In case of VoD service, Jitter buffer normally about 5 seconds is provided at STB. That is, replaying starts after 5 seconds after the first packet belonging to VoD movie arrives to STB.
Therefore, even if jitter happens while VoD packet is passed from VoD headend to STB, stable replaying is possible.
Also, even if packet loss happens in network layer, the packet loss is remedied through retransmission process in applicationlayer.
But IP-TV subscribers use the channel zapping (IGMP leave for previous channel and IGMP join for selected channel) to select thechannel. Because IP-TV traffic must be played in real-time, about 5 seconds jitter buffer is not allowed for IP-TV service.
Because STB does not have the jitter buffer for IP-TV service, at application level of STB there is no way to compensate to the network delay, jitter and loss.
Therefore, preventive controllability for delay, jitter and loss must be required in network layer in order to provide the qualified IP-TV service .  
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Multicast
Unicast
Congestion

26
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
QoS Requirement for TPS

27
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Application’s Different QoS Requirements
End-user requirements
.wide range of user requirements, depending on application
.QoS is more than just providing performance differentiation within a given service
.no “one-size fits all” solution
Source: ITU-T Rec. G.1010
0%
Packet Loss
Command/ control
(egTelnet, Interactive
games)
Conversational
voice and video
Voice/video
messaging
Streaming
audio/video
Transactions(eg E-commerce,Web-browsing, E-mail access)
Messaging, Downloads
(eg FTP,
still image)
Fax
Background
(eg Usenet)
5%
100 msec
1 sec
10 sec
100 sec
Zero
loss
Delay
Interactive
Responsive
Timely
Non-critical

28
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
DSL Forum : Application QoS Requirements
TV Focused Services
Typical bandwidth (upstream)
Typical bandwidth (downstream)
Delay bound
Packet loss
On demand

Broadcast TV .e.g. MPEG2
2 -6 Mb/s1
~1s
10-5
Yes

High definition TV .HDTV
12 -19 Mb/s1
~1s
10-5
Yes

Pay Per View and NVOD .e.g. MPEG2
2 -6 Mb/s1
~1s
10-5
Yes

VOD .e.g. MPEG2
2 -6 Mb/s1
~1s
10-5
Yes

Navigator and EPG (can be locally launched and updated in non real time)
< 0.5 Mb/s
N/a
N/a
No

Picture in Picture .two MPEG2 channels
Up to 12 Mb/s1,2
~1s
~1%
Yes

Picture in Browser .one MPEG2
Up to 9 Mb/s1,2
~1s
10-5
Yes

Personal Video Records PVR .replay MPEG2 file off hard disk
2 -6 Mb/s local1
N/a
N/a
Yes

ITV -TV telephony features
< 64 kb/s
< 64 kb/s
<400ms (RTT)
~1%
Yes

#NAME?
Up to 3 Mb/s
N/a
N/a
Yes/No

#NAME?
128 -640 kb/s
Up to 3 Mb/s
N/a
N/a
No

#NAME?
128 -640 kb/s
Up to 3 Mb/s
N/a
N/a
No

#NAME?
128 -640 kb/s
Up to 3 Mb/s
N/a
N/a
No

#NAME?
< 64 kb/s
N/a
N/a
No

#NAME?
128 -640 kb/s
Up to 3 Mb/s
~10ms
10-5
Yes

#NAME?
< 128 kb/s
~1s
<1%
Yes

Notes:

1) video compression advancements will enable more efficient encoding (1,5 to 3 Mb/s)

2) more efficient solutions could be available

Table 1 -TV delivered applications
PC Focused Services
Typical bandwidth (upstream)
Typical bandwidth (downstream)
Delay bound
Packet loss
On demand

High Speed Internet Access (browsing, IM, Chat, FTP, VPN, access, etc)
#NAME?
#NAME?
128 -640 kb/s
Up to 6 Mb/s
Up to 3 Mb/s
Up to 6 Mb/s
N/a
N/a
N/a
N/a
Yes/No
Yes/No

Server based E-Mail
as above
as above
N/a
N/a
No

Live TV on PC
300 -750 kb/s
~1s
~1%
Yes

Video on Demand
300 -750 kb/s
~1s
~1%
Yes/No

Video Conferencing
300 -750 kb/s
300 -750 kb/s
<400ms (RTT)
~1%
Yes/No

Voice/Video telephony
64 -750 kb/s
64 -750 kb/s
<400ms (RTT)
~1%
Yes

Interactive Games
10 -750 kb/s
10 -750 kb/s
~10ms
10-5
Yes

Remote Education
300 -750 kb/s
~1s
~1%
Yes/No

Table 2 -PC Delivered Applications
Source: DSL Forum TR-58, 2003

29
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Application QoS Need
Application
Delay Sensitivity
BW demand

Real-Time
Conversational
Telephony
High
Low
Videoconferencing
High
High
Streaming
Music Streaming
High-Med
Med
Video Streaming
High-Med
High

Non Real-Time
Web Browsing
Med
Med
E-Mail
Low
Low

Application Type
Bandwidth
Sensitivity to
Delay
Jitter
Loss

Network Control
Low-Med
Med-High
N/A
High

Interactive Audio(Client-Client)
Low
High
High
Med-High

Interactive Video (Client-Client)
High
High
High
Med

Streaming Media(Client/Server)
Low-High
Med-High
Low
Med1

Data Transactions(Client/Server)
Low
Med
N/A
High2

Store and Forward(Client/Server)
Med-High
Low
N/A
High2

Best Effort
Low-High
Low
N/A
Med

1Applications are loss sensitive but loss is managed via application controlled retransmissions
2Applications are highly loss sensitive and loss is managed by TCP retransmissions
N/A = Not applicable.

30
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
QoS Case Study

31
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
FastWeb
그림6
12016
Main POP
6500
그림6
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
STB
그림15
PC
POTS
HAG
GE L2 Ring
12016
3550/4908
10M
Main POP
Mini POP
Ring#1
Ring#6
STM4
STM4
STM4
STM1
7450_blue
STM16
STM16
IP-TV
VoD
6500
blue drum
blue server
VoD portal
blue drum
house
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
STB
그림15
PC
POTS
HAG
ADSL
DSLAM
ATM
SW
BRAS
STM16
STM16
Mini POP
Video Farm
IP Core
CoS=5, ToS=5, VID=0
Untagged frame
TV Camera
802.1p
DiffServ
Voice PVC
Internet PVC
Unicast Video PVC
Multicast PVC
Multicast PVC
Zapping PVC
DiffServ
8 DiffServ QoS Classes
ATM QoS
All channels (> 80 channels) MPEG2@4Mbps
70x32_20041129150302
CoS=1, ToS=1, VID=0
CoS=4, ToS=4, VID=0
TPS Network Architecture
L2
L3
CoS=0, ToS=0, VID=0
6M
HAG : Home Access Gateway
Residential/Small business
Residential/Small business
60% of residential clients are FTTH

32
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
FastWeb : FTTH

33
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
FastWeb : ADSL

34
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
FastWeb
smb600
smb600
Modem/Hub/Router
L3 SW
ATM ADSL
DSLAM
L3
SW
CO
Apart
POP
GE
GE
FE
FE
VoD Pump
GE
smb600
smb600
Milan
1107378_L1
그림15
그림11 copy
IP STB
videophone
Home Network
Apart
Apart
router-generic
image3225
smb600
smb600
CR
Modem/Hub/Router
L3 SW
ATM ADSL
DSLAM
L3
SW
CO
POP
GE
GE
FE
FE
GE
smb600
smb600
Home
1107378_L1
그림15
그림11 copy
IP STB
videophone
Home Network
Apart
Apart
router-generic
image3225
ER
ER
CR
15’s
n4server
n4server
Video
Server
VoD Pump
n4server
n4server
Video Server
VoD Pump
n4server
n4server
Video
Server
Turin
Rome
fastwebQoS

35
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
SBC
DSLAM
(FTTN)
SAIC
L2 SW (BSA)
CO
Internet
BRAS
(Edge Router화)
National Video Content Distribution Network
(IP Multicast)
PEP
7330
7450 ESS
7750 SR
SmartEdge_800_purple
GE
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
RG(L3)
STB
PC
GE
7750_red_sr12
7750_red_sr12
7750_red_sr12
7750_red_sr12
BSR
BSR
AAA
Server
IP-TV
VoIP
Internet
Home 1001
IP-TV
VoD
SSW
videophone
POTS
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
RB SMS1800
5750 SSC
(Bridgewater)
Dynamic Policy Configuration
DHCP/
option82
BSA1/VLAN 1001: 10.20.192.10
DHCP
Server
RADIUS
Server
Accounting
Per-subscriber, per-service accounting queueing and policing/shaping/filtering
VLAN
1001
VLAN
1400
Per-subscriber HIS shaping (PIR/CIR)
PDP
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
RG(L3)
STB
PC
Home 1400
videophone
POTS
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
dslaccessnode1-s
VLAN 1400
VLAN 1001
7750_red_sr12
Voice VLAN
Video VLAN
Internet VLAN
L3
(BSR)
.DstIP range
.DSCP
.802.1 p/q
Video VLAN
Voice VLAN
Internet VLAN
dstMAC=RG MAC
(m1,m2,m3:VLAN1001)
(VoD, VoIP, Internet)
BSA
Per-subscriber
HIS shaping
(PIR/CIR)
VLAN
1001
VLAN
1400
I
T
V
DSLAM
(BE)
[2] Internet 잉여형(Work-Conservation) Scheduling
.Enforce subscriber’s access rate in the aggregation network
. Reserve CIRs for critical applications
. Define bandwidth sharing policy with PIR and scheduling configuration
. H-QoS enables the service bandwidth to be shared within the subscriber’s access rate
.Enable low priority and best-effort traffic to burst up to full access rate if bandwidth is available(high priority traffic using less than committed rate)
Subscriber Node Shaping(20Mbps)를해서DSLAM에서Queueing을없애버림
(PEP(Downstream BW)니까!!!)
20Mbps
4 Mbps IP-TV (STB1)
4 Mbps VoD (STB2)
2 Mbps (MMoIP/VoIP)
10 Mbps (Internet)
20Mbps
4 Mbps IP-TV (STB1)
4 Mbps VoD (STB2)
2 Mbps (MMoIP/VoIP)
20 Mbps (Internet)
TPS Subscriber (잉여형20Mbps Internet)
.RG에는3개의MAC이있고각각에대해IP 주소가DHCP로할당된다.[p6. ATR]  -MAC A (Voice): 10.20.192.10 (Private)-MAC B (Video): 192.168.0.20 (Private)-MAC C (Internet): 138.120.0.30 (Public)
BSA : Broadband Service Aggregator
BSR : Broadband Service Router
VDSL

36
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
BellSouth
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
RG(L3)
STB
PC
Home 400
videophone
POTS
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
MAC400
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
RG(L3)
STB
PC
Home
videophone
POTS
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
MAC1
DSLAM
(FTTN)
SAIC
400 Homes, 5,000 feet
ADSL2+
(Copper)
dslaccessnode1-s
CO
7330
SE400/800
10Gbps
1107378_L1
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
RG
STB
PC
GE
IP-TV
VoIP
Internet
Home
BRAS
#1
#20
그림10 copy
IP Core Network
(BFD)
PIM SM
IP-TV
VoD
SSW
Voice
Multicast
VoD
DSLAM
(BE!!!)
I
V
BRAS
Multicast VLAN VID 3 (DHCP)
Multicast traffic
Unicast VLAN VID 2 (PPPoE)
T
Vod
IGMP
Internet
20Mbps
20M
HS function

37
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
BellSouth
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
RG(L3)
STB
PC
Home 400
videophone
POTS
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
MAC400
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
RG(L3)
STB
PC
Home
videophone
POTS
1107378_L1
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
MAC1
DSLAM(FTTN)
SAIC
400 Homes, 5,000 feet
ADSL2+
(Copper)
dslaccessnode1-s
CO
7330
SE400/800
10Gbps
1107378_L1
2Wire_HomePortal_1100_Residential_Gateway_Routers_and_Bridges-resized200
그림11 copy
그림15
boa
RG
STB
PC
GE
IP-TV
VoIP
Internet
Home
BRAS
#1
#20
그림10 copy
IP Core Network
(BFD)
PIM SM
IP-TV
VoD
SSW
Voice
Multicast
VoD
DSLAM
I
V
BRAS
Multicast VLAN VID 3 (DHCP)
Multicast traffic
Unicast VLAN VID 2 (PPPoE)
T
Vod
IGMP
Internet
20Mbps
4. 20M-16Mbps
3. HS coordination information (linked via MAC address)
HS function
1. IGMP Join
2. IGMP Join
(transparent snooping)

38
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
YahooBB
IP DSLAM
(NEC)
Multicast
50M/3M
1
36
G
G
8 GE ports
L2 SW
L2 SW
(ATI8624)
IP DSLAM
-6524
Multicast
G
100M
8M/
512K
1
24
전화기
ADSL
modem
#NAME?
STB
PC
Hub
5
N
L2 SW
(ATI8624)
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
1G Ring
IP DSLAM
-6524
G
100M
8M/
512K
1
24
전화기
ADSL modem
#NAME?
STB
PC
Hub
N
No QoS issue
: 24*512K
<100M
ToS비트를보고
우선순위부여함.
2 개queue (H/L)
DiffServ (ToS)
IP DSLAM
(NEC)
50M/3M
1
36
G
G
8 GE ports
L2 SW
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
10G Ring
L3 SW(Cisco6509)
모뎀이Priority bit
(TOS)를
High(5)로marking
ToS비트를보고
우선순위부여함.
2 개queue (H/L)
No CoS
5
전화기
STB
PC
5
ToS비트를보고
우선순위부여함.
DiffServ (ToS)
모뎀이Priority bit
(TOS)를
High(5)로marking
ToS비트를보고
우선순위부여함.
5
전화기
STB
PC
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
1G Ring
(10G증설중)
타도시
(오사카)
10G~40G
ADSL modem
#NAME?
#NAME?
기존의8M/512K ADSL 지역: Backbone과L2 집선스위치까지만QoS 제공
싞규50M/3M ADSL 지역(2004년7월부터): ADSL 구갂까지End-to-end QoS 제공됨.
3
…
…
5 (VoIP)
3 (Multicast)
0 (VoD, Internet)
LOW
HIGH
FIFO
5
3
V
I
5
3
I
V
5
3
I
V
5
3
I
V
5
3
I
V
LOW
HIGH
5
I
FIFO
5
I
IP TV
Headend
VoIP
G/W
PSTN
VoD

39
Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
YahooBB
No QoS issue
: 24*512K
<100M
ToS비트를보고
우선순위부여함.
2 개queue (H/L)
DiffServ (ToS)
모뎀이Priority bit
(TOS)를
High(5)로marking
ToS비트를보고
우선순위부여함.
2 개queue (H/L)
No CoS
5 (VoIP)
3 (Multicast)
0 (VoD, Internet)
LOW
HIGH
FIFO
기존의8M/512K ADSL 지역: Backbone과L2 집선스위치까지만QoS 제공
IP DSLAM
(NEC)
Multicast
50M/3M
1
36
G
G
8 GE ports
L2 SW
L2 SW
(ATI8624)
IP DSLAM(6524)Multicast
G
100M
8M/
512K
1
24
전화기
ADSL
modem
#NAME?
STB
PC
Hub
5
N
L2 SW
(ATI8624)
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
1G Ring
IP DSLAM
-6524
G
100M
8M/
512K
1
24
전화기
ADSL modem
#NAME?
STB
PC
Hub
N
IP DSLAM
(NEC)
50M/3M
1
36
G
G
8 GE ports
L2 SW
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
10G Ring
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
5
전화기
STB
PC
5
5
전화기
STB
PC
L3 SW
(Cisco6509)
IP TV
Headend
타도시
(오사카)
10G~40G
ADSL modem
#NAME?
#NAME?
3
…
…
Internet
VoIP
G/W
PSTN
VoD
TV
VoD
5
3
V
I
5
3
I
V
5
3
I
V
5
3
I
V
5
3
I
V
LOW
HIGH
5
I
FIFO
5
I
VoD: UDP without RTP, STB buffering time < 1sec. Priority = 0, IT-TV: UDP without RTP, buffering <1sec, Priority = 3
영화한편정도볼때(약100분)
1. No FTP download: VoD 5~6번깨짐, IP TV 2~3번깨짐
2. Internet download: VoD 막깨짐(영화보면서짜증날정도구요), IP TV (짜증나지만그래도멀티캐스트는좀덜합니다.)
1에서VoD가깨지는이유: VoD는서버부터STB에올때까지항상BE로처리되므로Metro 백본(6509구갂)과8624에서Internet traffic만큼Loss가발생함.
1에서IP TV가떨깨지는이유: Metro 백본구갂과8624에서High로처리되므로Loss 덜발생(그러나Metro 백본구갂에서는VoIP보다는우선순위가낮으므로약갂의Loss가발생한것으로판단됨-이는VoIP traffic이꽤된다는예기네-하긴VoIP 이용자가400만이니까)
2에서VoD와IP TV가1보다많이깨지는이유: Mom&Son Problem으로인한DSLAM의ADSL output port에서Loss 발생
1G Ring
(10G증설중)

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Tele2-Versatel : Service Overview

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Tele2-Versatel : Network Overview

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Tele2-Versatel : Service VLAN

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Tele2-Versatel : Protocol Stack

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
Tele2-Versatel : QoS

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Simple and Flexible
Netmanias 기술문서: TPS 서비스를위한IP QoS 기술
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