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NAT Behavior Discovery Using Classic STUN (RFC 3489)

Let us introduce the NAT behavior discovery algorithms defined in RFC 3489. To fully understand what's discussed below, we recommend you read the following posts first: 1. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior 2. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Behavior 3. STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (R...

11/04/2013

47,208

Technical Documents

Understanding the Detailed Operations of DHCP

Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Procedures for Detecting IP Address Conflicts III. DHCP Offer/ACK Messages: Broadcast or Unicast ? IV. State Transition of DHCP Clients I. Overview Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) has been widely adopted as a protocol for allocating network configuration data, including an IP address, dynamically to...

10/30/2013

87,357

Technical Documents

Understanding the Basic Operations of DHCP

Table of Contents I. Introduction II. IP Address Allocation/Lease Procedure III. IP Address Renewal Procedure IV. IP Address Release Procedure V. Summary VI. Closing Appendix A - Format of DHCP Messages in IP Address Allocation/Lease Procedure Appendix B - Format of DHCP Messages in IP Address Renewal Procedure Appendix C - Format of DHCP Me...

10/23/2013

394,311

Technical Documents

Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario (Presentation version)

10/22/2013

25,767

Technical Documents

Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EPS Mobility Management (EMM) Scenario 3. Closing 1. Introduction This document and its subsequent documents will provide descriptions of specific EMM procedures based on our understanding of EMM and ECM/RRC states covered in our LTE technical document, “LTE EMM and ECM States” [1]. EMM features are explained in...

10/22/2013

95,358

Technical Documents

STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (RFC 5389/5780)

What are the differences between NAT types defined in RFC 3489 and RFC 5780? To understand the differences to be explained below, you must be familiar with the Mapping Behavior and Filtering Behavior of a NAT that we covered last time. What is STUN? STUN is a protocol that allows two devices (P2P devices) to discover the presence and types of a NAT between them, and to find out what Exte...

10/21/2013

51,427

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 3. Deterministic...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties This is the last post on RFC 4787. 4. Application Level Gateway For information about Application Level Gateways (ALGs), please click here....

10/10/2013

36,607

Technical Documents

Analysis of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD, HD and SD over LTE-A)

SK Telecom, the Korean No. 1 telecom operator, launched Btv Mobile service (in SD/HD) offering a variety of live broadcasting and VoD contents for mobile devices in around July 2012. And a year later in July 2013, boosted by the commercialization of LTE-A, it began a "Full HD" streaming service with drastically enhanced video quality. The following is the press release by SK Telecom about its n...

09/24/2013

83,297

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Beha...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Now that we learned a NAT's mapping behaviors last time, below we will study its filtering behaviors as defined in RFC 4787. For information about the terms used below (Internal En...

09/23/2013

35,886

Technical Documents

LTE EMM and ECM States (Presentation version)

09/20/2013

34,823

Technical Documents

LTE EMM and ECM States

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EMM, ECM and RRC States 3. EMM State Transition 4. EMM Features 5. EMM User Information 6. Closing 1. Introduction Through the previous technical documents, we have studied the LTE network architecture and LTE identifications, the fundamentals of LTE technology, and LTE security operation required for a user to...

09/20/2013

287,649

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Many applications like Skype, online games, etc. are all Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications based on UDP. When running these applications, two devices communicate with each other without a...

09/12/2013

38,580

Technical Documents

LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS (Presentation version)

09/11/2013

37,170

Technical Documents

LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. SDF and EPS Bearer 3. QoS Parameters of SDF and EPS Bearer 4. QoS Provisioning and Enforcement 5. An Example for SDF and EPS Bearer QoS 6. Closing 1. Introduction An LTE service provider should be able to make services with different QoS requirements available to its users with different subscription levels. So,...

09/11/2013

362,304

Technical Documents

Netflix HTTP Adaptive Streaming

09/10/2013

27,785

Technical Documents

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

Today, NATs are employed by Korean telecom operators in almost all of their access networks except for wired access networks (FTTH, Ethernet, DSL, etc.). 3G/LTE network: Large Scale NAT (LSN) installed beyond GGSN/P-GW in the 3G/LTE core networks. Also called "Carrier Grade NAT (CGN)". Wi-Fi Hotspot network: NAT implemented in Wi-Fi hotspot AP. Residential network: NAT implemented in su...

09/03/2013

35,682

Technical Documents

LTE Identification III: EPS Session/Bearer Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EPS Session and EPS Bearer: Overview 3. Identifiers for EPS Session/Bearer (Session/Bearer IDs) 4. Summary: Table of LTE Identifiers 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction We have learned about the LTE ID groups such as UE and ME IDs, and Network Equipment (NE) and UE location identifier (location) IDs in LTE Iden...

08/26/2013

241,613

Technical Documents

LTE Identification II: NE and Location Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Identifiers for Network Equipment (NE IDs) 3. Identifiers for User Location (Location IDs) 4. Closing and References 1. Introduction In the previous document, “Part I, LTE Identification I” [1], identifications of UE and ME have been described. This document (Part II, LTE Identification II), as the second...

08/26/2013

122,303

Technical Documents

LTE Identification I: UE and ME Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Classification of LTE Identification 3. Identifiers for User Equipment (UEI IDs) 4. Identifiers for Mobile Equipement (ME IDs) 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction In LTE network, different IDs are used to identify each entity depending on their relationship with other IDs just like different names and titles ar...

08/20/2013

170,724

Technical Documents

Network Architecture for LTE and Wi-Fi Interworking

08/16/2013

57,359

Technical Documents

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