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SK Telecom's Network Evolution Strategies (1): Carrier Aggregation Evolution Strategy

SK Telecom is the #1 mobile operator in Korea, with sales of KRW 16.6 trillion (USD 15.3 billion) in 2013, and with 50.1% of a mobile mobile subscription market share in 2Q 2014. It launched LTE service back in July 2011, and now more than half of its subscribers are LTE service subscribers, with 55.8% of LTE penetration as of 2Q 2014. Due to LTE subscription growth, more advanced device feat...

10/07/2014

44,428

Tech-Blog

KT aims to build a nationwide GiGA Internet access network (Gigabit Internet) by the en...

On May 20, Chairman Chang-gyu Hwang of KT (with sales of KRW 23.8 trillion in 2013) announced that "KT will open up a new age of GiGAtopia by investing KRW 4.5 trillion (USD 4.4 billion) in GiGA FTTH, GiGA Path (heterogeneous networks convergence technology that combines LTE and Wi-Fi networks), and GiGA Wire (copper wire-based transmission technology) for the next three years." Later on Ju...

09/26/2014

43,598

Tech-Blog

Korean big 3 telcos offer hassle-free and instant upgrade to Giga-class Internet withou...

In the past two years, some new technologies have been introduced in Korea, apparently increasing broadband Internet speeds 3~5 times faster, from 100 Mbps to 300~500 Mbps, instantly. It certainly is fascinating in that such speed improvement was achieved without the hassle of re-cabling construction in apartment buildings. Because 100 Mbps had seemed unbeatable for almost a decade, this sure w...

09/18/2014

61,717

Tech-Blog

CoMP (2): CoMP Coordination Areas Defined in 3GPP (7 Scenarios)

In the CoMP scenarios defined in 3GPP Release 111 and Release 122, CoMP is used within a single eNB (intra-eNB) with ideal backhaul only - in restricted areas in Release 11 among eNBs (inter-eNB) with non-ideal backhaul as well - in more expanded areas in Release 12 According to NGMN3, ideal backhaul refers to one with latency of 2.5 usecs or less and capacity of 10 Gbps or higher, whe...

08/19/2014

58,557

Tech-Blog

CoMP (1): CoMP Types - CS, CB, JT and DPS

Today, we will learn about CoMP, an inter-cell cooperation technology in LTE-A, since we learned about ICIC and eICIC in the previous posts. At an early stage of LTE/LTE-A, offering high speed is the most important marketing point for operators. However, as LTE subscribers and traffic grow, satisfying users with high Quality of Experience (QoE), for example, by improving user throughputs at cel...

08/12/2014

63,408

Tech-Blog

Interference Coordination in LTE/LTE-A (2): eICIC (enhanced ICIC)

Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) As noted in the previous post about ICIC, we will find out about enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC), an interference control technology in LTE-A in this post. In LTE/LTE-A, one key challenge for operators is that they have to increase network capacity to keep up with fast-growing traffic. Especially, crowded areas in m...

08/06/2014

62,968

Tech-Blog

Switching and Routing - Part 4. IP Forwarding by L3 Switch

Switching and Routing 1. Switching and Routing for Dummies - Ethernet Switching 2. Switching and Routing for Dummies - IP Routing 3. Switching and Routing - Part 1. Router Architecture 4. Switching and Routing - Part 2. Packet Forwarding by IP Router 5. Switching and Routing - Part 3. L2 (Ethernet) Switching by L3 Switch 6. Switching...

08/01/2014

65,815

Tech-Blog

Switching and Routing - Part 3. L2 (Ethernet) Switching by L3 Switch

07/11/2014

99,815

Tech-Blog

Why should jitter be minimized in CPRI fronthaul? - frequency accuracy

In this post, we will talk about “jitter” introduced in the fronthaul network of LTE C-RAN. As shown in the figure on the right, jitter refers to the skew or variation in time or phase of a digital signal exchanged between communication systems. This jitter can eventually cause errors during the data and clock recovery process at RRH. Then, why should we be worried about jitter...

07/04/2014

50,917

Tech-Blog

What's GiGAtopia envisioned by Chairman Chang-gyu Hwang of KT? (GiGa FTTH, GiGA Wire, G...

KT’s Vision: GiGAtopia Source: KT What? Chairman Chang-gyu Hwang of KT (with sales of KRW 23.8 trillion in 2013), at a press conference held at KT Olleh Square in Gwanghwamun, Seoul on May 20, announced that "KT will open up a new age of GiGAtopia by investing KRW 4.5 trillion (USD 4.4 billion) in GiGA FTTH, GiGA Path (heterogeneous networks convergence technology that combines...

06/26/2014

73,598

Tech-Blog

Switching and Routing - Part 2. Packet Forwarding by IP Router

06/18/2014

62,647

Tech-Blog

Interference Coordination in LTE/LTE-A (1): Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)

As mobile communication technology has evolved dramatically, from LTE (10 MHz) to LTE-A (10+10 MHz), and then to wideband LTE (20 MHz), South Korea's mobile market is hotter than ever with its big 3 operators competing fiercely in speed and quality (see Netmanias Report, LTE in Korea UPDATE - May 1, 2014). Operators can offer different maximum speeds depending on how wide frequency bandwidt...

06/05/2014

80,562

Tech-Blog

Netmanias Interview with HFR - Fronthaul Solutions for LTE/LTE-A C-RAN (Cloud RAN)

HFR is probably most known as a vendor of wired/wireless network equipment like Mobile fronthaul, Carrier Ethernet, FTTx, etc. Today, we are going to hear from Dr. J.H. Lee (jongheonlee@hfrnet.com), CTO of HFR about one of its most popular solutions, flexiHaulTM, a mobile optical access solution. 1. Welcome! Thank you for being with us. Can you tell us a little bit about HFR first?...

05/27/2014

82,689

Tech-Blog

Switching and Routing - Part 1. Router Architecture

05/23/2014

65,176

Tech-Blog

Switching and Routing for Dummies - IP Routing

05/08/2014

65,882

Tech-Blog

Switching and Routing for Dummies - Ethernet Switching

04/28/2014

70,455

Tech-Blog

Evolution of Mobile RAN Architecture in LTE/LTE-A Era (C-RAN)

1. Traditional RAN Architecture and Issues 1.1 Issue No. 1: Degraded service quality and network performance due to inter-cell interference 1.2 Issue No. 2: Increased costs of building and operating cell sites 2. Degradation of service quality and network performance due to inter-cell interference: Prevented by reducing X2 distance 3. Costs of building and operating cell sites: Reduced...

04/16/2014

63,865

Tech-Blog

Fronthaul Size: Calculation of maximum distance between RRH and BBU

In C-RAN (Centralized/Cloud RAN), the more RRHs are covered by one CO (BBU hostelling site), i) the fewer COs are required, and ii) the more BBUs can be centralized at one CO. This allows for the most efficient utilization of BBU resources, thereby significantly reducing CAPEX/OPEX. For this reason, the maximum separation distance between RRH and BBU should be secured. This distance is cons...

04/01/2014

68,655

Tech-Blog

Why WDM is essential in C-RAN fronthaul networks? - Ultra high CPRI link capacity

Our question in this post is: Why does the CPRI link between BBU (at CO) and RRH (at Cell Site) in C-RAN require a ultra high Gbps bandwidth? Before you read this post, we advise you to read our previous post, "CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN and CPRI overview". The CPRI link capacities required between BBU and RRH in the C-RAN architecture are as follows: Table 1. CPRI data rates...

03/12/2014

64,995

Tech-Blog

CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN/Fronthaul and CPRI overview

Emergence of C-RAN (Separation of Baseband and Radio, and Baseband Centralization) Today, global LTE operators are competing with one another more fiercely than ever, under the pressure to provide better service quality and higher speed. Conventional Internet traffic has been increasing steadily. What's more, mobile traffic resulting from OTT video services, such as YouTube, Mobile IPT...

03/04/2014

77,659

Tech-Blog

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