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NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Many applications like Skype, online games, etc. are all Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications based on UDP. When running these applications, two devices communicate with each other without a...

09/12/2013

36,996

NAT Behavior Discovery Using Classic STUN (RFC 3489)

Let us introduce the NAT behavior discovery algorithms defined in RFC 3489. To fully understand what's discussed below, we recommend you read the following posts first: 1. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior 2. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Behavior 3. STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (R...

11/04/2013

44,811

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

Today, NATs are employed by Korean telecom operators in almost all of their access networks except for wired access networks (FTTH, Ethernet, DSL, etc.). 3G/LTE network: Large Scale NAT (LSN) installed beyond GGSN/P-GW in the 3G/LTE core networks. Also called "Carrier Grade NAT (CGN)". Wi-Fi Hotspot network: NAT implemented in Wi-Fi hotspot AP. Residential network: NAT implemented in su...

09/03/2013

34,236

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 3. Deterministic...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties This is the last post on RFC 4787. 4. Application Level Gateway For information about Application Level Gateways (ALGs), please click here....

10/10/2013

34,340

STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (RFC 5389/5780)

What are the differences between NAT types defined in RFC 3489 and RFC 5780? To understand the differences to be explained below, you must be familiar with the Mapping Behavior and Filtering Behavior of a NAT that we covered last time. What is STUN? STUN is a protocol that allows two devices (P2P devices) to discover the presence and types of a NAT between them, and to find out what Exte...

10/21/2013

48,709

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Beha...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Now that we learned a NAT's mapping behaviors last time, below we will study its filtering behaviors as defined in RFC 4787. For information about the terms used below (Internal En...

09/23/2013

34,519

Top 6 Skills Required For Service Provider 5G/Fog Transformation

We are pleased to share with you all an interesting article contributed by Zeeshan Rizvi. Zeeshan Rizvi Cloud / DevOps / SDN Strategy at Irsols Inc https://www.linkedin.com/in/zeeshanrizvi All Articles by Zeeshan Rizvi...

03/25/2019

23,292

MSIP is going to realign 800 MHz by 2018 and change it to Mobile Communication or IoT-P...

Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP), a ministry of the Government of South Korea, is going to collect bandwidth of 800 MHz National Convergence Network (Frequency Common Communication TRS method), which is used by railroads, police departments, and fire departments, by 2018 and use it for mobile communication or IoT. Its goal is to solve increase of communication traffic and...

09/02/2015

7,322

KT to open up 'Giga Internet 2.0 era' to offer 1Gbps to anyone anywhere

Upon his inauguration in 2014, KT's Chairman Hwang Chang Kyu presented a vision of GiGAtopia where all things and users are connected via GiGA infra and communication and other industries (like healthcare, media and traffic control) can integrated effectively on the infra, serving as a next-generation growth engine. In GiGA infra that will connect everything, the key elements of wired a...

10/05/2016

28,164

Starting to build private 5G in Changwon National Industrial Complex in Korea

Changwon National Industrial Complex in Korea Gyeongnam Techno Park will start building private 5G in Central (CTR), an automobile parts manufacturer, at the end of this month Optimized communication required for smart factory, smart logistics, etc. Gyeongsangnam-do to build 890 smart factories by 2025 Gyeongsangnam-do(province) will begin building private 5G networks in the Changwon Nat...

03/20/2023

1,758

Spectrum-Sharing & Private Cellular: Europe & Asia should copy US & CBRS

We are pleased to share with you all an interesting article contributed by Dean Bubley who is mobile & telecom sector analyst, expert consultant & conference speaker. Dean Bubley Founder and Director at Disruptive Analysis All Articles by Dean Bubley...

05/31/2017

22,440

Coverage maps for wired/wireless service now available from South Korea's Big 3 operators

According to the recently amended Telecommunication Business Act (Article 56-2), telecommunication service providers now are required to release information needed for their subscribers to select wired and wireless Internet service, including which areas are covered, how service is provided, etc. To comply with the regulation, on the 28th of July, the South Korea’s big 3 operators ha...

08/13/2016

45,485

SK Telecom Commercializes Nationwide LoRa Network for IoT

SK Telecom today held a press conference to announce the completion of the nationwide deployment of Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) based on LoRa technology; the launch of price plans for LoRa-based IoT services; and its plans to vitalize the IoT ecosystem. The company finished building LoRaWAN across the country by end of June, six months earlier than its initial schedule, covering 99...

07/04/2016

11,292

Korea-Vietnam Sign ICT Cooperation MOU, Hold Business Meeting - Opportunity for Korean...

The Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for information and communication technology (ICT) cooperation with the Ministry of Information and Communication of Vietnam, and hosted meetings to encourage greater cooperation between business from both nations (July 3rd). The latest event was part of efforts to expand ICT cooperation with...

08/18/2015

5,605

Industry 4.0 & IIoT needs Private 4G/5G Networks & Shared Spectrum Regulation

01/10/2017

25,410

SK Telecom's IoT Target and Strategies: LoRa-based IoST

Earlier this year in May, the South Korean Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning (MSIP) adjusted the maximum transmit power in the 900 MHz unlicensed band from 10 mW to 200 mW, offering frequencies dedicated for wide area IoT purpose. Initially, 6.5 MHz (917 - 923.5 MHz) was offered, and additional 6 MHz (940 - 946 MHz) is scheduled to be offered in the 2nd half of the year. The de...

08/03/2016

28,984

SK Telecom Announces 2016 2Q Earnings Results

Revenue of KRW 4.267 trillion, operating income of KRW 407.4 billion and net income of KRW 291 billion (K-IFRS consolidated) The revenue increased by 0.3% YoY backed by increased sales of its subsidiaries The operating income edged down by 1.3% compared to the same period last year affected by expanded expenses caused by growth in subsidiaries’ business activities The net income decrea...

07/30/2016

6,203

SK Telecom’s strategies for next generation network evolution

On June 20th, SK Telecom unveiled its strategies for utilizing the frequencies in 2.6GHz that it acquired at the last auction, and for developing more evolved next-generation network. The company has become an operator with most frequency in 2.6GHz band in the nation after acquiring additional frequency at the auction held earlier this year. Once new network utilizing these wider bandwidth...

06/01/2016

30,373

Samsung Electronics to Jointly Build SK Telecom’s World-First Nationwide LoRaWAN Networ...

Samsung Electronics today announced a new contract with SK Telecom to deploy the world’s first commercial Internet of Things (IoT)-dedicated nationwide LoRaWAN network. The network will be deployed across Korea using the 900 MHz frequency band. The commercial service is scheduled to launch in Daegu, Korea’s fourth largest city, next month and will be available nationwide by the mi...

05/24/2016

9,006