Pilots/Reference Signals are an Important factor regarding estimating the channel status. It can be shown that in an OFDM-based system an equidistant arrangement of reference symbols in the lattice structure achieves the minimum MSE, mean squared error, to estimate the radio channels.

Astro Ahmed 
Fresh Graduate Telecommunication Engineer
at GrEEK CAMPUS

5G Standards have not yet defined 5G requirements, but various groups are analyzing the possibilities of what might constitute 5G for network deployments in 2020 or beyond. Regarding that, ITU IMT-2020 has defined technical requirements for 5G, and 3GPP is developing specifications.

This Vision of 5G could be seen from 2 perceptions, Next Generation Radio Access Technology when we talk about the enabling keys which will empower the existing wireless services. Those keys could be summarized in only one-word New Radio.

Astro Ahmed 
Fresh Graduate Telecommunication Engineer
at GrEEK CAMPUS

There are actually some affords to use the light band Millimeter wave (mmWave) where it lies between 30 GHz and 300 GHz, this spectrum can be used for high-speed wireless communications as seen with the latest 802.11ad Wi-Fi standard (operating at 60 GHz) and streaming high-resolution with the WirelessHD standard, also known as UltraGig. But the problem is that Millimeter wave goes through different losses and it supports only Line of Site (LOS) so it can be used defiantly for indoor only but not suitable for outdoor applications where it will be difficult to be used for mobile broadband.

Astro Ahmed 
Fresh Graduate Telecommunication Engineer
at GrEEK CAMPUS