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EMM Procedure 6. Handover without TAU - Part 2. X2 Handover

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Concept of X2 Handover 2.1 X2 Protocol Stacks 2.2 X2AP Functions 2.3 X2 Messages Relating to Mobility Management Function 2.4 X2 Handover Procedure at a Glance 2.5 UE State and Connection Information Before and After X3 handover 3. Procedure of X2 Handover 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After X2 Handover 4.1 Before...

03/21/2014

140,831

Technical Documents

Why WDM is essential in C-RAN fronthaul networks? - Ultra high CPRI link capacity

Our question in this post is: Why does the CPRI link between BBU (at CO) and RRH (at Cell Site) in C-RAN require a ultra high Gbps bandwidth? Before you read this post, we advise you to read our previous post, "CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN and CPRI overview". The CPRI link capacities required between BBU and RRH in the C-RAN architecture are as follows: Table 1. CPRI data rates...

03/12/2014

65,172

Tech-Blog

EMM Procedure 6. Handover without TAU - Part 1. Overview of LTE Handover

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of LTE Handover 2.1 Measurement 2.2 Handover Decision 2.3 Handover Prodedure 2.4 Handover Interruption Time 2.5 Mobility Robustness Optimization 3. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the handover procedure defined as EMM Case 6 in our technical document, “Eleven EMM C...

03/06/2014

106,596

Technical Documents

CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN/Fronthaul and CPRI overview

Emergence of C-RAN (Separation of Baseband and Radio, and Baseband Centralization) Today, global LTE operators are competing with one another more fiercely than ever, under the pressure to provide better service quality and higher speed. Conventional Internet traffic has been increasing steadily. What's more, mobile traffic resulting from OTT video services, such as YouTube, Mobile IPT...

03/04/2014

77,861

Tech-Blog

EMM Procedure 5. Periodic TAU

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Concept of Periodic TAU 3. Procedure of Periodic TAU 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Periodic TAU 4.1 Before Periodic TAU 4.2 After Periodic TAU 5. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the periodic TAU (Tracking Area Update) procedure defined as EMM Case 5 in our technical document, “...

02/19/2014

119,608

Technical Documents

NTT Docomo’s Advanced C-RAN Architecture

02/10/2014

30,659

One-Shot Gallery

EMM Procedure 4. Service Request

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Service Request 3. UE-triggered Service Request 4. Network-triggered Service Request 5. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Service Request 6. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the service request procedure defined as EMM Case 4 in our technical document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Sce...

02/09/2014

172,847

Technical Documents

SK Telecom: LTE Fronthaul and Backhaul Architecture

Also see this excellent animation produced by SK Telecom (Source: HFR)

02/04/2014

47,972

One-Shot Gallery

EMM Procedure 3. S1 Release

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. S1 Release due to User Inactivity 3. EPS Entity Information: Before/After S1 Release 3.1 Before S1 Release 3.2 After S1 Release 4. Closing 1. Introduction This document will describe procedures for releasing S1 connection when a UE becomes inactive, as in EMM Case 3 defined in our technical document, “Eleven...

01/25/2014

129,965

Technical Documents

GSMA RCS Blackbird Overview

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Configuration Provisioning 3. Service Capability Discovery 4. One to One Chat 5. Group Chat 6. File Transfer 7. Geolocation Sharing 8. vCard Exchange 9. Contents Sharing 10. Integrated Messaging 11. IP Voice Call (Voice over Wi-Fi Call) 12. IP Video Call 13. Summary 1. Introductio...

01/22/2014

24,591

Technical Documents

Evolution of GSMA RCS standards

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The advent of IP Messaging Service and evolution towards Converged IP 3. OTT vs Operators 4. Joyn 5. Adoption of CPM architecture in RCS 6. RCS r4 and RCSe merged into RCS r5.x 7. SIMPLE IM 2.0 8. CPM 2.0 9. RCS blackbird 10. Summary 1. Introduction When the GSM Association (GSMA) has specified th...

01/21/2014

30,582

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 2. Detach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Detach 3. UE-initiated Detach 4. MME-initiated Detach 5. HSS-initiated Detach 6. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Detach 7. Closing 1. Introduction This document discusses detach procedures defined as EMM Case 2 in our previous document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario”[1]. During th...

01/21/2014

183,879

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 1. Initial Attach - Part 2. Call Flow of Initial Attach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Initial Attach Procedure 2.1 IMSI Acquisition 2.2 Authentication 2.3 NAS Security Setup 2.4 Location Update 2.5 EPS Session Establishment 3. EPS Entity Information 3.1 Before Initial Attach 3.2 After Initial Attach 4. Closing 1. Introduction N...

01/16/2014

460,205

Technical Documents

GSMA RCS Architecture

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. SIMPLE IM Architecture 3. CPM Architecture 4. RCS Architecture 5. Summary 1. Introduction GSMA Rich Communication Suite (RCS) was originally based on OMA SIMPLE IM architecture in the beginning, but adopted OMA Converged IP Messaging (CPM) architecture from RCS r4.0. While the RCS r4.0 was updated to RCS r5.0 and onwa...

01/15/2014

42,433

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 1. Initial Attach - Part 1. Cases of Initial Attach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Initial Attach 2.1 Unknown UE 2.2 Known UE 3. Simplified Call Flow in Each Case 4. Closing 1. Introduction This document discusses initial attach, as defined as EMM Case 1 in our previous document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario” [1]. During this phase, a user turns on hi...

12/26/2013

211,921

Technical Documents

LTE in Korea 2013

Table of Content 1. Korea, the Most advanced LTE Market in the World 2. LTE deployment status by operator in Korea (SK Telecom, KT, LG U+) 3. LTE frequency commercialization status in Korea 4. LTE services: Mobile broadband, Mobile IPTV and VoLTE 5. LTE equipements deployed in Korea 6. LTE devices 7. LTE patents 1. Korea, the Most Advanced LT...

12/04/2013

94,015

Reports

LTE Frequency commercialization status in Korea (Nov. 2013)

12/02/2013

47,236

One-Shot Gallery

Do Google Global Caches (GGCs) serve YouTube live traffic as well, or not?

Google Global Caches (GGCs) have already been deployed in many telecom operators' data centers around the world, caching YouTube video files like Psy's Gangnam Style for the local users. This allows people around the globe to watch Psy singing and dancing without buffering through their local GGCs. Korean operators like SK Telecom, LG U+ and KINX have also made the same move in February...

11/20/2013

90,007

Tech-Blog

NAT Behavior Discovery Using STUN (RFC 5780)

Our previous document described the NAT behavior discovery algorithms defined in RFC 3489. This document will explain what algorithms for discovering NAT behaviors are defined in RFC 5780. Again, to fully understand what's discussed below, we recommend you read the following posts first: 1. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior 2....

11/18/2013

39,798

Technical Documents

IP/MPLS vs. MPLS-TP: Control Plane

11/11/2013

33,503

One-Shot Gallery

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