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Why WDM is essential in C-RAN fronthaul networks? - Ultra high CPRI link capacity

Our question in this post is: Why does the CPRI link between BBU (at CO) and RRH (at Cell Site) in C-RAN require a ultra high Gbps bandwidth? Before you read this post, we advise you to read our previous post, "CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN and CPRI overview". The CPRI link capacities required between BBU and RRH in the C-RAN architecture are as follows: Table 1. CPRI data rates...

03/12/2014

67,291

Tech-Blog

EMM Procedure 6. Handover without TAU - Part 1. Overview of LTE Handover

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of LTE Handover 2.1 Measurement 2.2 Handover Decision 2.3 Handover Prodedure 2.4 Handover Interruption Time 2.5 Mobility Robustness Optimization 3. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the handover procedure defined as EMM Case 6 in our technical document, “Eleven EMM C...

03/06/2014

108,581

Technical Documents

CPRI (1): Emergence of C-RAN/Fronthaul and CPRI overview

Emergence of C-RAN (Separation of Baseband and Radio, and Baseband Centralization) Today, global LTE operators are competing with one another more fiercely than ever, under the pressure to provide better service quality and higher speed. Conventional Internet traffic has been increasing steadily. What's more, mobile traffic resulting from OTT video services, such as YouTube, Mobile IPT...

03/04/2014

80,276

Tech-Blog

EMM Procedure 5. Periodic TAU

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Concept of Periodic TAU 3. Procedure of Periodic TAU 4. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Periodic TAU 4.1 Before Periodic TAU 4.2 After Periodic TAU 5. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the periodic TAU (Tracking Area Update) procedure defined as EMM Case 5 in our technical document, “...

02/19/2014

122,142

Technical Documents

NTT Docomo’s Advanced C-RAN Architecture

02/10/2014

31,570

One-Shot Gallery

EMM Procedure 4. Service Request

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Service Request 3. UE-triggered Service Request 4. Network-triggered Service Request 5. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Service Request 6. Closing 1. Introduction This document describes the service request procedure defined as EMM Case 4 in our technical document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Sce...

02/09/2014

175,702

Technical Documents

SK Telecom: LTE Fronthaul and Backhaul Architecture

Also see this excellent animation produced by SK Telecom (Source: HFR)

02/04/2014

49,239

One-Shot Gallery

EMM Procedure 3. S1 Release

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. S1 Release due to User Inactivity 3. EPS Entity Information: Before/After S1 Release 3.1 Before S1 Release 3.2 After S1 Release 4. Closing 1. Introduction This document will describe procedures for releasing S1 connection when a UE becomes inactive, as in EMM Case 3 defined in our technical document, “Eleven...

01/25/2014

132,520

Technical Documents

GSMA RCS Blackbird Overview

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Configuration Provisioning 3. Service Capability Discovery 4. One to One Chat 5. Group Chat 6. File Transfer 7. Geolocation Sharing 8. vCard Exchange 9. Contents Sharing 10. Integrated Messaging 11. IP Voice Call (Voice over Wi-Fi Call) 12. IP Video Call 13. Summary 1. Introductio...

01/22/2014

25,465

Technical Documents

Evolution of GSMA RCS standards

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The advent of IP Messaging Service and evolution towards Converged IP 3. OTT vs Operators 4. Joyn 5. Adoption of CPM architecture in RCS 6. RCS r4 and RCSe merged into RCS r5.x 7. SIMPLE IM 2.0 8. CPM 2.0 9. RCS blackbird 10. Summary 1. Introduction When the GSM Association (GSMA) has specified th...

01/21/2014

31,453

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 2. Detach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Detach 3. UE-initiated Detach 4. MME-initiated Detach 5. HSS-initiated Detach 6. EPS Entity Information: Before/After Detach 7. Closing 1. Introduction This document discusses detach procedures defined as EMM Case 2 in our previous document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario”[1]. During th...

01/21/2014

187,072

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 1. Initial Attach - Part 2. Call Flow of Initial Attach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Initial Attach Procedure 2.1 IMSI Acquisition 2.2 Authentication 2.3 NAS Security Setup 2.4 Location Update 2.5 EPS Session Establishment 3. EPS Entity Information 3.1 Before Initial Attach 3.2 After Initial Attach 4. Closing 1. Introduction N...

01/16/2014

466,860

Technical Documents

GSMA RCS Architecture

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. SIMPLE IM Architecture 3. CPM Architecture 4. RCS Architecture 5. Summary 1. Introduction GSMA Rich Communication Suite (RCS) was originally based on OMA SIMPLE IM architecture in the beginning, but adopted OMA Converged IP Messaging (CPM) architecture from RCS r4.0. While the RCS r4.0 was updated to RCS r5.0 and onwa...

01/15/2014

44,099

Technical Documents

EMM Procedure 1. Initial Attach - Part 1. Cases of Initial Attach

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Cases of Initial Attach 2.1 Unknown UE 2.2 Known UE 3. Simplified Call Flow in Each Case 4. Closing 1. Introduction This document discusses initial attach, as defined as EMM Case 1 in our previous document, “Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario” [1]. During this phase, a user turns on hi...

12/26/2013

215,579

Technical Documents

LTE in Korea 2013

Table of Content 1. Korea, the Most advanced LTE Market in the World 2. LTE deployment status by operator in Korea (SK Telecom, KT, LG U+) 3. LTE frequency commercialization status in Korea 4. LTE services: Mobile broadband, Mobile IPTV and VoLTE 5. LTE equipements deployed in Korea 6. LTE devices 7. LTE patents 1. Korea, the Most Advanced LT...

12/04/2013

97,258

Reports

LTE Frequency commercialization status in Korea (Nov. 2013)

12/02/2013

49,108

One-Shot Gallery

Do Google Global Caches (GGCs) serve YouTube live traffic as well, or not?

Google Global Caches (GGCs) have already been deployed in many telecom operators' data centers around the world, caching YouTube video files like Psy's Gangnam Style for the local users. This allows people around the globe to watch Psy singing and dancing without buffering through their local GGCs. Korean operators like SK Telecom, LG U+ and KINX have also made the same move in February...

11/20/2013

93,855

Tech-Blog

NAT Behavior Discovery Using STUN (RFC 5780)

Our previous document described the NAT behavior discovery algorithms defined in RFC 3489. This document will explain what algorithms for discovering NAT behaviors are defined in RFC 5780. Again, to fully understand what's discussed below, we recommend you read the following posts first: 1. NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior 2....

11/18/2013

40,950

Technical Documents

IP/MPLS vs. MPLS-TP: Control Plane

11/11/2013

34,550

One-Shot Gallery

Understanding DHCP Proxy Agents and Security

Table of Contents I. Overview II. Introduction to DHCP Proxy Agents III. Basic Operations of DHCP Proxy Agents IV. Security Functios of DHCP Proxy Agents V. Summary and Closing Appendix A - Format of DHCP Messages in IP Address Allocation/Lease Procedure Appendix B - Format of DHCP Messages in IP Address Renewal Procedure Appendix C - Format of DHC...

11/07/2013

63,844

Technical Documents

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