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Private 5G testing using low-orbit satellites (HFR and Starlink)
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Documents
1,231
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2,988
YouTube's Live TV Streaming in Mobile Devices - HLS & Adaptive
This post will analyze the streaming methods used in YouTube's Live TV streaming services for mobile devices in an LTE network and a Wi-Fi network based on our actual measurements. YouTube's Live TV Streaming in Mobile Devices: HLS & Adaptive First, measurements in an LTE network The mobile device and network used for our measurement were Galaxy S4 and KT LTE network. First,...
10/30/2013
84,576
Tech-Blog
Understanding the Detailed Operations of DHCP
Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Procedures for Detecting IP Address Conflicts III. DHCP Offer/ACK Messages: Broadcast or Unicast ? IV. State Transition of DHCP Clients I. Overview Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) has been widely adopted as a protocol for allocating network configuration data, including an IP address, dynamically to...
10/30/2013
86,580
Technical Documents
LTE QoS (Part 3) - P2P Traffic BW Control using the LTE QoS
In the last two posts (Part 1, Part 2), we learned about LTE QoS. Now, we will show you an example of controlling P2P traffic using the LTE QoS in the LTE network. Let's say there is a network operator named "NMC Telecom", and it offers a service plan with the following features: No bandwidth limitation for Internet usage Data rate limitation (512 Kbps for download, and 128 Kbps fo...
10/25/2013
59,665
Tech-Blog
Understanding the Basic Operations of DHCP
Table of Contents I. Introduction II. IP Address Allocation/Lease Procedure III. IP Address Renewal Procedure IV. IP Address Release Procedure V. Summary VI. Closing Appendix A - Format of DHCP Messages in IP Address Allocation/Lease Procedure Appendix B - Format of DHCP Messages in IP Address Renewal Procedure Appendix C - Format of DHCP Me...
10/23/2013
388,616
Technical Documents
Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario (Presentation version)
10/22/2013
25,537
Technical Documents
Eleven EMM Cases in an EMM Scenario
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EPS Mobility Management (EMM) Scenario 3. Closing 1. Introduction This document and its subsequent documents will provide descriptions of specific EMM procedures based on our understanding of EMM and ECM/RRC states covered in our LTE technical document, “LTE EMM and ECM States” [1]. EMM features are explained in...
10/22/2013
94,328
Technical Documents
STUN (RFC 3489) vs. STUN (RFC 5389/5780)
What are the differences between NAT types defined in RFC 3489 and RFC 5780? To understand the differences to be explained below, you must be familiar with the Mapping Behavior and Filtering Behavior of a NAT that we covered last time. What is STUN? STUN is a protocol that allows two devices (P2P devices) to discover the presence and types of a NAT between them, and to find out what Exte...
10/21/2013
50,796
Technical Documents
LTE QoS (Part 2) - LTE QoS Parameters (QCI, ARP, GBR, MBR and AMBR)
We will look a little bit further into LTE QoS that we discussed last time, and learn what QoS parameters are for. There are two types of EPS bearers: default and dedicated. In the LTE network, the EPS bearer QoS is controlled using the following LTE QoS parameters: ▶ Resource Type: GBR or Non-GBR ▶ QoS Parameters QCI ARP GBR MBR APN-AMBR UE-AMBR Every EPS bearer must...
10/15/2013
376,182
Tech-Blog
DHCP message format
10/11/2013
20,689
One-Shot Gallery
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 3. Deterministic...
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties This is the last post on RFC 4787. 4. Application Level Gateway For information about Application Level Gateways (ALGs), please click here....
10/10/2013
36,102
Technical Documents
Mobile IPTV Services in Korea: Live TV Streaming (2013 Q3)
10/07/2013
47,841
One-Shot Gallery
YouTube, changing the way of delivering videos: Chunking and Adaptive Streaming are In,...
Recently, YouTube has changed/evolved the way it delivers video contents. It used to be a big fan of HTTP progressive download (downloading a video file by a single request just like downloading a data file) until last year. However, from this year, many efforts have been made by YouTube (e.g. switching to chunking and adaptive streaming) for improved video delivery. We will focus on "switching...
10/04/2013
74,591
Tech-Blog
LTE QoS (Part 1) - EPS Bearers and SDF
We will talk about LTE QoS this time. QoS functions provided by any network, whether wired or wireless, are all based on standards (IETF RFC, IEEE 802, 3GPP TS, etc.). They may work differently using different standards depending on whether the network is wired (Ethernet/IP/MPLS) or wireless (LTE/WiBro/Wi-Fi). But, basically what the QoS is about is that traffic quality is guaranteed (i) if...
10/01/2013
82,431
Tech-Blog
DHCP Security Using a DHCP Proxy Agent
Last time when we introduced a DHCP proxy agent through our previous blog post dated in September 1. 2013, we mentioned that this DHCP proxy agent can offer the benefits of enhanced security. So, we will look into these security-related functions in more detail today. As shown in the figure below, if there is a DHCP proxy agent in a network, all DHCP messages (used in IP address allocation...
10/01/2013
48,084
Tech-Blog
LTE GTP Tunnel (2): Today, we will find more about LTE GTP tunnels that we have discuss...
Today, we will find more about LTE GTP tunnels that we have discussed previously. In the Figure below, GTP tunnels are established in the link from the eNB to the S-GW and from the S-GW to the P-GW. Downlink (DL): From PDN (Internet) to UE [1] A packet (Source IP=www.google.com, Destination IP=UE) is sent from the Internet to the P-GW. [2] The P-GW compares the five tuples of...
09/26/2013
57,333
Tech-Blog
Summary of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD/HD/SD over LTE-A)
SK Telecom, the Korean No. 1 telecom operator, launched Btv Mobile service (in SD/HD) offering a variety of live broadcasting and VoD contents for mobile devices in around July 2012. And a year later in July 2013, boosted by the commercialization of LTE-A, it began a "Full HD" streaming service with drastically enhanced video quality. The following is the press release by SK Telecom about its n...
09/24/2013
83,960
Tech-Blog
Analysis of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD, HD and SD over LTE-A)
SK Telecom, the Korean No. 1 telecom operator, launched Btv Mobile service (in SD/HD) offering a variety of live broadcasting and VoD contents for mobile devices in around July 2012. And a year later in July 2013, boosted by the commercialization of LTE-A, it began a "Full HD" streaming service with drastically enhanced video quality. The following is the press release by SK Telecom about its n...
09/24/2013
82,237
Technical Documents
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Beha...
NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Now that we learned a NAT's mapping behaviors last time, below we will study its filtering behaviors as defined in RFC 4787. For information about the terms used below (Internal En...
09/23/2013
35,571
Technical Documents
LTE EMM and ECM States (Presentation version)
09/20/2013
34,487
Technical Documents
LTE EMM and ECM States
Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EMM, ECM and RRC States 3. EMM State Transition 4. EMM Features 5. EMM User Information 6. Closing 1. Introduction Through the previous technical documents, we have studied the LTE network architecture and LTE identifications, the fundamentals of LTE technology, and LTE security operation required for a user to...
09/20/2013
285,751
Technical Documents
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