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LTE QoS (Part 1) - EPS Bearers and SDF

We will talk about LTE QoS this time. QoS functions provided by any network, whether wired or wireless, are all based on standards (IETF RFC, IEEE 802, 3GPP TS, etc.). They may work differently using different standards depending on whether the network is wired (Ethernet/IP/MPLS) or wireless (LTE/WiBro/Wi-Fi). But, basically what the QoS is about is that traffic quality is guaranteed (i) if...

10/01/2013

84,180

Tech-Blog

DHCP Security Using a DHCP Proxy Agent

Last time when we introduced a DHCP proxy agent through our previous blog post dated in September 1. 2013, we mentioned that this DHCP proxy agent can offer the benefits of enhanced security. So, we will look into these security-related functions in more detail today. As shown in the figure below, if there is a DHCP proxy agent in a network, all DHCP messages (used in IP address allocation...

10/01/2013

50,168

Tech-Blog

LTE GTP Tunnel (2): Today, we will find more about LTE GTP tunnels that we have discuss...

Today, we will find more about LTE GTP tunnels that we have discussed previously. In the Figure below, GTP tunnels are established in the link from the eNB to the S-GW and from the S-GW to the P-GW. Downlink (DL): From PDN (Internet) to UE [1] A packet (Source IP=www.google.com, Destination IP=UE) is sent from the Internet to the P-GW. [2] The P-GW compares the five tuples of...

09/26/2013

59,742

Tech-Blog

Summary of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD/HD/SD over LTE-A)

SK Telecom, the Korean No. 1 telecom operator, launched Btv Mobile service (in SD/HD) offering a variety of live broadcasting and VoD contents for mobile devices in around July 2012. And a year later in July 2013, boosted by the commercialization of LTE-A, it began a "Full HD" streaming service with drastically enhanced video quality. The following is the press release by SK Telecom about its n...

09/24/2013

87,264

Tech-Blog

Analysis of SK Telecom's Mobile IPTV Live Streaming (Full HD, HD and SD over LTE-A)

09/24/2013

85,182

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 2. Filtering Beha...

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Now that we learned a NAT's mapping behaviors last time, below we will study its filtering behaviors as defined in RFC 4787. For information about the terms used below (Internal En...

09/23/2013

36,498

Technical Documents

LTE EMM and ECM States (Presentation version)

09/20/2013

35,373

Technical Documents

LTE EMM and ECM States

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EMM, ECM and RRC States 3. EMM State Transition 4. EMM Features 5. EMM User Information 6. Closing 1. Introduction Through the previous technical documents, we have studied the LTE network architecture and LTE identifications, the fundamentals of LTE technology, and LTE security operation required for a user to...

09/20/2013

291,389

Technical Documents

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) - Part 1. Mapping Behavior

NAT Behavioral Requirements, as Defined by the IETF (RFC 4787) Part 1. Mapping Behavior Part 2. Filtering Behavior Part 3. Deterministic Properties Many applications like Skype, online games, etc. are all Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications based on UDP. When running these applications, two devices communicate with each other without a...

09/12/2013

39,425

Technical Documents

LTE GTP Tunnel (1): Today, we will talk about GTP tunnels used in the LTE network

Today, we will talk about GTP tunnels used in the LTE network. As seen in Figure (a) below, IP packets sent by an LTE device (UE) are delivered from an eNB to a P-GW through GTP tunnels. What it means is that "all IP packets that a UE sends are always delivered through an eNB to a P-GW regardless of their specified destination IP addresses (i.e., even though their destination IP addresses a...

09/12/2013

77,706

Tech-Blog

LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS (Presentation version)

09/11/2013

37,672

Technical Documents

LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. SDF and EPS Bearer 3. QoS Parameters of SDF and EPS Bearer 4. QoS Provisioning and Enforcement 5. An Example for SDF and EPS Bearer QoS 6. Closing 1. Introduction An LTE service provider should be able to make services with different QoS requirements available to its users with different subscription levels. So,...

09/11/2013

367,228

Technical Documents

Netflix HTTP Adaptive Streaming

09/10/2013

28,339

Technical Documents

LG U+ HDTV Service based on LTE-A: Korea's First Successful Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) Swi...

In our previous post (Analysis of LG U+'s HDTV Streaming (LG U+ HDTV Service based on LTE-A), we discussed how LG U+ Mobile U+ HDTV service delivers video files to a device. Our first actual measurement confirmed that LG U+: used HLS, Apple's adaptive streaming (delivering video files chunkwise, unlike progressive download or RTMP/RTSP); and offered three profiles (quality levels)...

09/09/2013

43,067

Tech-Blog

2013 Content Networking Trends - OTT, Global CDN and Operator CDN

2013 Content Networking Trends - OTT, Global CDN and Operator CDN ♦ Introduction ♦ Trend Analysis The First Video Services by Operators: Walled-Garden IPTV Service The Emergence and Success of OTTs: OTT Internet Video Services Countermeasure by Operators: Wholesale On-Net CDN Countermeasure by Operators: Walled-Garden N-Screen Service Countermeasure by Operators: Tr...

09/04/2013

57,920

Reports

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

Today, NATs are employed by Korean telecom operators in almost all of their access networks except for wired access networks (FTTH, Ethernet, DSL, etc.). 3G/LTE network: Large Scale NAT (LSN) installed beyond GGSN/P-GW in the 3G/LTE core networks. Also called "Carrier Grade NAT (CGN)". Wi-Fi Hotspot network: NAT implemented in Wi-Fi hotspot AP. Residential network: NAT implemented in su...

09/03/2013

36,503

Technical Documents

Network Address Translation (NAT) Overview (RFC 3022/2663)

09/03/2013

22,003

One-Shot Gallery

What is a DHCP Proxy Agent?

Now that we know what DHCP relay agents are, we will find out another DHCP agent, a DHCP proxy agent today. What a DHCP relay agent does is simply relay broadcast DHCP packets (DHCP Discover/Request) to DHCP server(s) located in other subnets whenever it receives packets from a DHCP client residing in that same subnet. On the other hand, a DHCP proxy agent not only relays the DHCP packets...

09/01/2013

47,485

Tech-Blog

LTE: Tracking Area (TA) and Tracking Area Update (TAU)

This time we will give you a brief overview of an LTE Tracking Area (TA) and Tracking Area Update (TAU). While an LTE device (UE) is in active state (i.e. while communicating, or while in EMM-Registered/ECM-Connected/RRC-Connected state in LTE terms), its location is known by the LTE network at cell level (i.e. on a cell granularity), e.g. in cell2 in eNB1. However, while the UE is in idle...

08/30/2013

250,996

Tech-Blog

LTE Identification III: EPS Session/Bearer Identifiers

Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. EPS Session and EPS Bearer: Overview 3. Identifiers for EPS Session/Bearer (Session/Bearer IDs) 4. Summary: Table of LTE Identifiers 5. Closing and References 1. Introduction We have learned about the LTE ID groups such as UE and ME IDs, and Network Equipment (NE) and UE location identifier (location) IDs in LTE Iden...

08/26/2013

243,467

Technical Documents

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